The roof is an element of the roof. It consists of a base and a coating. Installation of the roof is necessary to protect the house from atmospheric precipitation and mechanical stress.
Roof structure
Any roof design includes the following elements:
- ramp;
- horse;
- intersection of slopes (valley and gutter);
- overhang on eaves and pediments;
- drainage system.
The roof consists of a base (lathing or solid flooring) and a coating (natural materials, polymer, bitumen, sheet metal). It is a complex system that is mounted in several stages and according to certain rules.
Roofing material must meet the following requirements:
- Water resistant.
- Resistance to atmosphere.
- Resistance to corrosion.
- Beautiful appearance.
- Durability.
The most common coatings are metal tiles and sheet steel.
Installation of metal roofing. Instruction manual
The roof is mounted on the rafter system. The size of the slope is taken as a basis, under which the sizes of the sheets are adjusted. They can be standard or custom-made. The optimal size of the sheets is 4-4.5 m. They are convenient to mount and will not break the screws when temperature deformations occur. The working width of the sheets is 8-12 cm less (taking into account overlap). The vertical margin is 15 cm.
Waterproofing
The roof does not allow precipitation to enter the house and on the rafter system, but moisture constantly condenses under it, which also needs protection. When it evaporates, metal corrodes, and wooden structures begin to rot. Therefore, waterproofing and ventilation are needed under the roof. In order for the space below to be purged with air, gaps are made from below and from above at the rate of 1/100 of the entire roof area.
The film is rolled horizontally, from bottom to top, with an overlap of 15 cm on a wooden base. Its fastening is carried out using a construction stapler. Do not confuse the top and bottom sides of the film. Waterproofing can be made profiled to improve ventilation and to ensure that water flows down.
If thermal insulation is used, then to prevent saturation with its moisture, ventilation is done by double-circuit, with gaps of about 50 mm.
How to mount the crate
Under the metal tile use a board 32x100 mm. The initial crate, passing at the very bottom, is set thicker than the others at the height of the wave. The step depends on the type of metal tile, since its profile may vary. Docking of boards is made on rafters. For greater rigidity, the joints should be alternated.
For the entire length of the ridge, boards are nailed from above, on both sides of the roof. A solid base is made under the joints of the ramps (valley), near the chimneys and ventilation pipes .
The crate is carried out to the length of the pediment overhangs (about 50 cm). A bar is nailed to them from the bottom - from the eaves to the ridge. An end plate is installed on it, which connects to the rafters with bars. They keep the filing of the gable overhang.
Windshields are nailed to the lower edges of the rafters. Before installing the cover, install the cornice strip and brackets in increments of 50-60 cm. The roofing material is laid with a protrusion from which water should drain into the drain chute.
Laying metal
A capillary groove is made on the sheets so that moisture does not seep in the areas of vertical overlap. Installation of a roof made of metal is made so that the groove is inside the wave. Laying sheets start from the side where they do not need to be cut. The methods may be different, but there are the following general rules for everyone:
- self-tapping screws are screwed into the troughs of the wave, where the sheets fit snugly to the crate;
- near the end board, the metal tile is mounted on each transverse profile;
- vertical overlap is connected by self-tapping screws on a wave decline;
- sheets are attracted to each lathing.
Laying in several rows is done ta6
- From left to right, lay the 1st sheet, aligning along the end and the cornice.
- The next one is imposed from above and temporarily fixed in the center from above.
- Align the sheets and fasten with each other with screws.
- The whole row is laid out similarly, and then the final fastening of the metal tile is made.
Single-row laying is carried out from the eaves to the ridge.
Complex compounds
For marking in the valleys, a hinged “parallelogram” of boards is used. The metal tile for cutting is laid on the roof with a coating. One vertical board should be located in the valley, and parallel to it - on an unsecured sheet. A line is drawn along it, along which cropping is done. Similarly, coatings are prepared on oblique ridges.
Joints of slopes are made out in a similar way. The lower valleys are laid below, and on them is a metal tile. Above are the upper valleys. A porous water-repellent sealant is placed under them so that moisture does not leak out from the outside.
The chimney is closed by abutment strips selected in color to the metal tile. At the top, they wind up in a strob, sawn by a grinder in the pipe masonry, and the bottom - to the crate. From the inside, a waterproofing tape is glued to the chimney and wrapped with Ecobit-type film. The outer "apron" performs a decorative function and fits around the pipe.
After the roof is installed, the instruction provides for its grounding in case lightning strikes not into the lightning rod, but into the roof of the house.
How much does the installation of coating cost?
The cost of installing the roof by specialists is high, but the quality will be much higher than doing it yourself. Especially the services of professionals should be used to decorate exits through the roof and, if necessary, use special tools.
The prices for installation of the roof are always overstated and amount to 2.5-3 thousand rubles / m 2 . At the conclusion of the contract, it is advisable to discuss each operation to the smallest detail. Then the cost can be reduced to 1.8-2 thousand rubles / m 2 .
Recessed roof. Installation, instruction
Roof sheets are connected with the help of folds. The main materials are steel, aluminum, copper. The copper coating looks especially beautiful.
Elements of the roof are called paintings. The edges of the strips along the slope are standing, and the horizontal - lying. Seam folding devices can be manual or electromechanical.
Advantages of the folded roof:
- flatness of the surface, facilitating the removal of precipitation;
- ease of construction;
- plasticity of the material, allowing you to create a complex form of coating;
- ease of roof repair.
The disadvantages include the ease of plastic deformation and the need for a special tool for rolling up the folds. Some designs are self-locking, where the edges are connected with a simple click. Similarly, the coating can be removed.
The folded roof is used with a slope of at least 14º. At smaller angles of inclination (from 7º), only a double fold connection with a silicone sealant is allowed.
The base is made solid or in the form of a crate. The roof should not be allowed to sag. In areas where the coating adjoins pipes, walls and cornice overhangs, the base is necessarily made solid. The roof can be mounted directly on the insulation layer.
Waterproofing is done in the same way as when laying metal tiles. It is laid on top of the rafters and fixed with a stapler, laying gaskets under the brackets to increase the strength of the connection. To create a uniform ventilation gap, the film is supported by rails, and the overlap is fixed on a solid base.
Traditionally, the installation of the roof is as follows.
- According to the drawing, blanks are cut out of sheet metal and the edges are bent.
- Pictures are laid on the roof and connected to each other.
- The coating is attached to the crate by the clammers entering at one end into the fold.
- All roof exits are closed with aprons.
Roll material spreads over the entire length of the roof. A similar roof mounting technology has the advantage of not requiring horizontal joints. As a result, the roof is more airtight.
Conclusion
When building a roof, certain skills are required, especially when a rebate roof is being made . Installation, instructions for it, the availability of all tools and accessories - this is not all, on which the quality of the roof depends. Each production has its own technological features that accumulate with experience, and they need to be known.
DIY roof installation is always a problem, especially in terms of tightness. Many roofs leak from rainfall, even if they were built by specialists. Therefore, you should carefully weigh your capabilities so that you do not have to redo the coating.
If you do the work yourself, without resorting to the services of professionals, you can use better and more expensive materials that increase the reliability of the roof. It is advisable to pre-practice the construction of the roof of less critical facilities, such as a barn.