Ukraine has everything to be a successful power. The favorable geographical position makes it a transit area for all kinds of goods coming from Asia and Russia to Europe and back. The neutral status of the state for many years helped the country earn capital only by means of transfer of goods, without making any effort. The main highway connecting the developed European countries, trade with which a profitable and promising, pass through the Carpathian Mountains. For a country vital to have these sections of roads and railway lines in the best possible condition and with high throughput. Beskydy tunnel - one of the most important railway lines - outdated morally, technically and intellectually for a long time. The situation began to correct only in 2013.
General information
Beskydy tunnel passes through the Carpathian mountain range and connects Beskid Station Skotarske. It refers to the Lviv railway, and its length is 1750 meters. The first tunnel was built at a time when the western part of present-day Ukraine belonged to the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Acting now tunnel - the same age as the Emperor Franz Josef.
Its construction in 1886 was of great importance, and now this area is strategically important for the Ukrainian economy - more than 60% of goods transiting through Ukraine to Western Europe goes through a tunnel Beskydy. Old tunnel was damaged by an explosion in the retreat of the Hungarian troops during the Second World War, rebuilt his forces of the USSR railways and opened for operation in 1946. As of today - it is the only European road, which has a single-movement. To pass through the tunnel, the train line up. A new way solves the problem, and a few others.
financial issue
Initially, the old tunnel would like to upgrade, expand and put new equipment. Counting the costs between the construction and renovation of the old highway showed that the laying of the new branch will be more appropriate. The project covers the state company "Ukrzaliznytsia", and the total cost of all the works of more than 2 billion hryvnia, which is the most large-scale program for the entire period of Ukrainian independence.
Funding took the "European Bank for Reconstruction and Development" (EBRD) and the 'European Investment Bank' (EIB). Funds allocated as purpose loans under state guarantees. Control of disbursement is the Austrian consulting company 2Consulting: without the permission of the authorized representative of any one penny will not go off. According to the project, the entire load assumes a new tunnel, and the old building will be used as an alternate path in the event of an emergency.
Justification construction
The new tunnel Beskydy laid in thirty meters away from the current. It will skip to 100 pairs of trains during the day, ie. E. Increase in the efficiency of 47 times, the movement speed of the composition is equal to 60 km per hour. sectional area of ββthe two-way tunnel, according to the draft, is 115 square meters. The warranty period, according to expert estimates, will be about 100 years old.
The old highway is in disrepair, and the maintenance of its efficiency - an urgent need, but it is problematic. Speed ββwalking through the old tunnel train is only 40 kilometers per hour, in many places, the inner lining is damaged, water penetrated into the underground, which is why there are constant leaks, and in winter every day is necessary to take out of the tunnel up to 15 tons of ice freezes on the arches.
starting work
Opening new opportunities await posts both in Europe and in Russia as very important Beskydy tunnel for international economic relations. Construction began with the bookmark infrastructure, a small plant for the production of concrete electric network were carried out, built, designed and paved driveways. For workers built a hostel for the preparatory work took about a year.
Tunnel excavation is performed in 2 stages. The first stage involves the elaboration upper part (kallota), where a set time is fixed from the metal bindings. The second step is the arrangement of the lower part with an additional sample of soil to a depth of 3 meters. If the old tunnel, one of the problems was a gable way, the upper point falls in the middle of the tunnel, making the second part of the road train passed at high speed, the new one will start with the top point. Ultimately Beskydy tunnel will have a width of 10.5 meters. Height of the building will be 8.5 meters.
penetration technology
Gasket path carried Explosives method that meets the characteristics of the Carpathians where Beskydy tunnel construction. The contractor performing the order - Construction Association "Interbudmontazh". 180 professionals engaged in the work. Daily penetration cycle consists of the following steps:
- Drilling holes for explosives.
- Bookmark explosives and explosion.
- Ventilation.
- Choice and roll back rocks from the bottom.
- Reinforcing the arch of steel structures.
- Mechanized sprayed concrete.
In connection with the blasting near existing, but dilapidated old tunnel of rock blasting activities are carried out during the "window" when there is no passage of trains. After each explosion the old tunnel status is checked.
progress of work
Beskydy for the construction of a railway tunnel in the general count of 81,000 cubic meters of concrete will be used, more than 7000 tonnes of metal fastenings. The project incorporated the construction of about 50 niches and 12 cameras along the entire facility. For proper operation, maintenance personnel, and possible evacuation tunnels between the two laid the technical corridor. To monitor the state of his tunnel equip clock surveillance system, install the ventilation system, will hold steady and emergency lighting, will connect sensors determine the gas concentration area.
All the project planned to hand over in 2016, but according to media reports, only the first stage of construction at the site "Beskydy tunnel" was completed in January 2016. Photos from the scene show the intermediate state of the process. Release Date moved to the last quarter of 2017. This is due to ongoing developments in Ukraine (ATO), when the construction for some time has been frozen because of the ban on the purchase of domestic explosives. Subsequently succeeded in obtaining permission to purchase abroad, and work resumed.
Working structure and working conditions
The situation in the construction of a tunnel Beskydy currently normal. The first phase in January 2016 has been successfully commissioned. Works are carried out around the clock. Company "Interbudmontazh" Experts are working on the subject for three weeks, followed by seven days are at home. The staff and engineering staff of the Lviv w / d are in the construction of 3-4 consecutive working days, after which they should be the same amount of output.
According to the employee structure, under the auspices of the European work easily. This is evidenced by the mountain and the master builders themselves. The locals got the job: in the dining area, reinforcing and repair shop, a mini-factory, which supplies its own concrete construction. Only 80 professionals working in the tunnel. A whole team of 180 people.
state building
In addition to the tunnel, it is required to build and repair the entire infrastructure, which no one did during the years of Ukraine's independence. The main struggle for the financing and construction is under way in these areas of work. In addition, the financial obligations, the European side has already fulfilled, and allocated funds controlled use. But according to international regulations, the Bank has provided 75% of the total budget work, the rest of the financing - for Ukrainian institutions, and they are in no hurry to transfer them, so completion dates in 2017, not all seem real.
Status Beskydy tunnel at the moment is on the start-up of the second phase of construction and high hopes for a speedy conclusion. The Ukrainian side in the face of a construction company clearly fulfills the obligations prefers to give the palm to the talks with Ukrainian officials to the European partners.