Ovarian cyst is a neoplasm with liquid contents inside. It is located on the organ itself or inside it. Basically, the formation and development of the cyst is completely asymptomatic. Often it is discovered by chance during a gynecological preventive examination.
Nevertheless, such a neoplasm should become an occasion to contact a gynecologist, since the consequences of rupture of an ovarian cyst can be very serious and require urgent intervention.
Causes
There can be a wide variety of causes of rupture of an ovarian cyst. The consequences of such a problem cause serious inconvenience, so women with such a neoplasm need to undergo timely treatment and supervision by a doctor. It is worth noting that not all types of cysts can undergo a rupture. There are a kind of functional neoplasms that form and pass completely asymptomatically and often imperceptibly for the woman herself. However, if the cyst actively progresses and grows rapidly, then there is a rather high risk of rupture. This can be caused by factors such as:
- thinning of the follicle membrane;
- hormonal disorders in the body;
- clotting pathologies;
- strong physical exertion;
- too active sexual intercourse.
If the shell bursts, the entire contents of the cystic mass penetrates into the abdominal cavity. As a result of this, there may be an infection of organs. Inflammation of the peritoneum carries a very serious threat to the health and life of a woman. Therefore, when the first signs occur, you need to see a doctor to confirm the diagnosis and get medical help or exclude the presence of a problem.
Main symptoms
The consequences of rupture of an ovarian cyst can be very dangerous. Symptoms are important to recognize in a timely manner to prevent severe blood loss and infection. The appearance and growth of cystic education mainly pass unnoticed by a woman, since she does not experience any signs associated with this condition. Nevertheless, it is simply impossible not to notice a cyst rupture, as this is always accompanied by rather intense pains localized in the lower abdomen.
Soreness may vary, it all depends on the type of growth. In particular, if a follicular cyst bursts, then this is always accompanied by aching pains localized on the left or right side, which can give off to the anus. Other signs include headache and fever.
More vivid symptoms appear in case of rupture of a luteal cystic neoplasm. In this case, the woman has a rather intense acute pain, localized in the lower abdomen, which calms down somewhat at rest, but intensifies during intercourse. In addition, a woman is bothered by a headache, nausea.
The most acute pain occurs when a non-functional cyst ruptures. Additionally, it is accompanied by dizziness and nausea. A woman may even lose consciousness. In addition, a bright sign is an increase in temperature.
In addition, there may be other symptoms of rupture of an ovarian cyst, the consequences of which are quite dangerous. The signs of a gap in neoplasm should include:
- general malaise and severe weakness;
- pallor of the skin;
- violation of the stool, urination;
- uterine bleeding;
- a sharp decrease in pressure.
Rupture of the cyst of the right ovary occurs much more often than the left. This is because the right gland is much better supplied with blood. An artery goes directly to it from the aorta. You can see the symptoms of rupture of the ovarian cyst in the photo. The treatment and consequences of such a problem depend on the individual characteristics of the woman, it all depends on the complexity of the damage.
Diagnostics
Doctors can suspect the presence of an ovarian rupture after a survey and examination of the patient. A differential diagnosis with other acute surgical pathologies is possible only after laboratory, instrumental and hardware studies, namely such as:
- gynecological examination;
- ultrasound diagnostics;
- laparoscopy;
- vaginal vault puncture;
- blood analysis.
Gynecological examination reveals the pulsation of blood vessels in the area of the vaginal fornix, soreness and bulging of the posterior fornix, if the bleeding was intense. Ultrasound diagnosis shows the presence of fluid in the abdominal space. Puncture makes it possible to obtain serous contents or blood for analysis. It also indicates a break. A blood test can detect anemia and leukocytosis.
With the help of tomography, it is determined whether there is a cyst on the ovary, or whether these are other neoplasms in the peritoneum. Endocrinologist consultation may also be required. Usually this is necessary if there is a suspicion of a hormonal disorder. Finally, laparoscopy will help determine the diagnosis.
Treatment features
It is necessary to carry out the treatment of rupture of an ovarian cyst, the consequences of which must be eliminated immediately. An operation is required. Very rarely, doctors are limited to taking medications, in particular anti-inflammatory, hormonal drugs and vitamin complexes. Such a treatment regimen is only suitable for eliminating the dangerous consequences of a bursting follicular cyst. The consequences of rupture of other types of cystic education is eliminated only by surgery.
Often a laparotomy is performed. This is a minimally invasive operation that requires the use of general anesthesia. This procedure makes it possible to reduce the likelihood of injuries to adjacent tissues and the surface of the appendage, and also allows you to then study the consequences and symptoms of rupture of an ovarian cyst. In this case, treatment is selected separately for each patient and implies an integrated approach.
If a woman did not immediately go to the hospital when the first signs of a rupture appear, then pathology can harm organs and systems. In this case, the need to remove the affected ovary is not ruled out. If the gynecologist is considered that the operation is the required measure, then he must familiarize the woman with the type and extent of this procedure.
Even in the case of drug therapy, it is necessary to eliminate the fluid that has penetrated into the peritoneum. If this is not done, then the contents can provoke intoxication of the body and lead to infection of the tissues and organs of the genitourinary system.
This situation is very dangerous, since the complications provoked by her can lead to complex consequences and the death of a woman. Therefore, it is important to quickly decide on the need to eliminate the fluid. The doctor can remove it while eliminating the remnants of the cystic formation. Sometimes it is enough to use only medications in the form of tablets or droppers.
After surgery or during medical therapy, you must strictly follow all the doctor’s prescriptions and monitor your health. If there is the slightest sign of malaise or if you feel unwell, you should immediately call an ambulance or consult a gynecologist.
There are cases when the patient is strictly contraindicated in the operation. Among the main reasons for this, it is necessary to highlight:
- heart and vascular disease;
- renal disease;
- the presence of acute infections;
- severe anemia.
In this case, drug therapy is carried out, and only after that an operation is prescribed. The treatment of such a neoplasm will help to avoid the consequences of rupture of an ovarian cyst, however, it is important to conduct it in a timely and comprehensive manner.
Operation
The most effective treatment will be surgery. Such a technique is considered the most reliable way to prevent serious consequences. Doctors prefer laparoscopy. The tactics of the operation may vary somewhat, but it consists of several mandatory steps.
Initially, the doctor stops the bleeding. Basically, bleeding areas are cauterized or damaged vessels are ligated. Then you need to restore the integrity of the ovary. The decision as to whether the gland can be completely preserved is made by the doctor after a visual examination. If the surgeon decides that it is possible to save the ovary, then he opens the gland, removes the pathological contents of the cystic neoplasm, and then sutures the incision.
If the damaged area is too large, the surgeon may order an ovarian resection, that is, removal of the damaged area of the organ. The remaining part of the gland is sutured. If irreversible processes occur in the ovary that do not allow to preserve this organ, then its complete removal is carried out.
After this, removal of the remaining blood, which enters the abdominal cavity after ovarian rupture, is required. If this is not done, then it can provoke the formation of adhesions. To avoid such unpleasant consequences, the doctor flushes all tissues adjacent to the ovaries.
Recovery after surgery takes about 7-10 days. After this, the woman can again return to normal life.
Effects
Having noticed the signs of this serious condition, you need to urgently call a doctor, since the consequences of rupture of an ovarian cyst can be expressed in the occurrence of hemorrhagic shock, which develops as a result of severe blood loss. Without qualified timely help, a woman may simply die. In this case, only the operation can help.
However, even in the case of a successful intervention, it cannot be argued that the woman’s health is completely safe. The consequences of rupture of an ovarian cyst can occur in the form of:
- adhesive processes;
- ectopic pregnancy;
- infertility
- relapse.
If during the operation the specialist did not remove all the blood from the abdominal cavity, then adhesions may form from its residues over time. Because of this, it is very difficult for a woman to become pregnant. It's all about the fallopian tubes, which change their location due to the pathological process.
An ectopic pregnancy occurs due to the fact that the egg cannot pass through the tube, which means it does not reach the uterus. The consequence of rupture of the ovarian cyst can be infertility, since the loss of this organ provokes many complications.
If the treatment was carried out poorly, then a woman may develop a relapse, which threatens the formation of adhesions or inflammation in the peritoneum.
Cyst rupture during pregnancy
Often, tumors on the genital glands form and burst during the gestation of the child. In women during this period, an endometrioid cyst or cystadenoma is mainly formed.
A tumor endometrioid formation contains a thick, bloody brownish liquid and it appears when the hormonal background is disturbed. Cystadenoma is filled with mucus and it grows to about 12 cm in diameter. It is accompanied by constant intense painful sensations, which are sometimes simply impossible to endure.
If an ovarian cyst bursts, the consequences of rupture for a pregnant woman can be very serious, since an exploding tumor leads to filling of the abdominal cavity with blood, which causes serious harm to health. That is why the resulting neoplasm must be removed immediately, regardless of the gestational age of the fetus.
Rupture of the follicular cyst
With a violation of the structure of such a neoplasm, pronounced and painful signs arise. The consequences of rupture of the follicular ovarian cyst are quite serious and dangerous. A woman immediately experiences severe paroxysmal pain and may even lose consciousness. Pathology is accompanied by nausea, dizziness, blueness, or blanching of the skin.
The follicular cyst bursts mainly due to increased physical activity, pregnancy, as well as excessive sexual contact. The consequences of rupture of a cyst of the right ovary can be expressed in the form of infertility, anemia, peritonitis. In addition, adhesions are formed in the peritoneum and pelvic tissues.
For treatment, drugs are used that contribute to the normalization of the concentration of sex hormones.
Rupture of an endometrioid cyst
If such a neoplasm bursts, then this provokes very severe pain, impaired functioning of the digestive organs, as well as vomiting. A woman can even lose consciousness for a while.
The consequences of rupture of the endometrioid ovarian cyst can be expressed in the formation of adhesions in the peritoneum. Since such a neoplasm does not at all react to the use of hormonal drugs, the tumor must be removed immediately after its discovery. If the operation is not timely performed, then rupture of the cyst can occur at any time.
Rupture of the cyst of the corpus luteum
Such a neoplasm has a rather elastic and dense shell, so when it ruptures, very strong and unbearable pain arises, resembling a blow by a hot object.
A woman feels a very strong weakness, may lose consciousness. Well-being is changing very quickly, from drowsiness and apathy to agitation and even a state of devastation. A neoplasm can burst when committing sudden movements, active sexual intercourse, and trauma to the abdomen.
When the cyst of the corpus luteum of the ovary ruptures, the consequences are not so dangerous. The doctor selects the treatment separately, depending on the amount of blood loss and the patient's general well-being.
Prevention
Since the consequences of rupture of a cyst of the left ovary can be very serious and dangerous, it is necessary to carry out prophylaxis, which will prevent the occurrence of a problem. That is why all women at risk are sure to:
- regularly visit a gynecologist for a routine examination;
- timely detect and treat inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system;
- if a cyst is detected, strictly follow all the doctor's recommendations;
- if necessary, remove the neoplasm;
- plan a pregnancy.
At the slightest suspicion of rupture of the cyst, you must definitely seek medical help.
The prognosis of rupture of the cyst is generally favorable if the woman promptly consulted a doctor. In this case, serious consequences can be avoided. After complex treatment, it is quite possible to plan a pregnancy.
The most important thing is to strictly observe preventive measures and prevent the occurrence of inflammatory processes.