Each of us, already in the graduating class of the school, thinking about further education, gets acquainted with the concept of specialty and learns that specialization is a form of division of labor, which involves in-depth study of a certain area of human knowledge and further activities in the selected specific field. Any division of labor leads to specialization. This was assimilated by people in ancient times. And for the first time put on conveyor tracks at medieval manufactories.
Branches of international specialization
However, this concept applies not only to individuals, but also much
wider. Specialization is a very broad concept that affects entire regions of individual countries and the entire world production. Thus, the fertile chernozem regions in southern Russia predetermine the relatively successful development of agriculture in these areas. That is, the natural conditions of the region stimulate the development of a certain type of activity of its production. On a larger, planetary scale, even brighter examples can be seen. Thus, the low price of labor and the loyal attitude of political authorities in some countries of East Asia contributed to the deployment of Western corporations of their production plants in these territories. What has turned countries like China and Vietnam into mass suppliers of cheap goods. For the countries of the Middle East, the leading branch of international specialization today is the extraction, refining and export of oil and oil derivatives abroad. And only this activity of the last decades has lifted the standard of living of the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait to such heights, bringing fabulous incomes to their budget. On the other hand, the specific natural conditions and traditional skills of the people allowed Brazil not only to become the largest supplier of coffee in the world, but also to redirect its production forces specifically to the production and export of this product. Based on this, regional specialization is the natural differentiation of production sectors between different regions and the deepening of each region's work in sectors that are advantageous to itself. As you can see, these processes often determine the appearance of entire states in the perception of the rest of the world.
Production Specialization
However, this process is taking place not only in a purely regional plane. Thus, the development of sciences and production methods leads to the differentiation of this production itself. Production specialization is the division of production into separate stages in the manufacture of the final product. Production specialization can be of the following types:
A) Subject - when production focuses on one type of product.
B) Details - respectively, the production of strictly defined parts.
C) Technological - when some stages of manufacturing are reproduced.
D) Supporting specialization is often an addition to production, such as repair of spare parts.
D) Intersectoral, focused on the manufacture of similar parts for a large number of different products.
Not everything is as complicated as it seems.