The most effective types of forensic examinations that are associated with the assessment of human behavior are: forensic psychological, comprehensive psychological and psychiatric. To date, any highly qualified investigation is impossible without the use of psychological knowledge. So, the main subject of forensic psychological examination is the human psyche. This fact distinguishes it from the forensic psychiatric, where the object is the psyche of people who suffer from mental illness.
The object of the described examination is directly a person. However on
In practice, there are situations when a
forensic psychological examination is used without a specific person, for example, at his death. In this case, it is carried out according to the available case materials, which include letters, notes, diaries, minutes, etc. Conducting this kind of examination is a complex process that requires a lot of skills from a specialist.
Accordingly, psychological examination aims to determine those psychological characteristics, patterns of mental activity that are significant and have, including legal value. Based on the goal, the following types of such examinations are distinguished:
- emotional states, including affect;
- individual, psychological characteristics;
- ability to recognize social danger and the nature of their actions;
- the ability to testify and adequately perceive the circumstances necessary for the case;
- ability to resist the accused and understand the meaning of sexual violence.
Forensic psychological examination can answer most questions of psychological content that require the use of special knowledge in this area.
The psychological examination of the child is carried out when resolving situations such as divorce, deprivation
parental rights. In addition, its application is possible in solving various issues related to the educational activities of teachers, as well as the development of new programs for the education sector. In these cases, issues such as: the microclimate in the family are favorable, to which of the parents the child is most attached to, whether there are circumstances that prevent the mother or father from communicating with the child, etc. Based on the foregoing, independent expert examinations are made. can be divided into: forensic psychological examination of minors, as well as adults in order to establish the characteristics of their psyche.
Thus, the specificity of this kind of examination lies in its private and general subjects and objects. Therefore, when appointing an examination, both procedural grounds (the need to apply knowledge of psychology) and special ones (determination of the legal significance of the data obtained) are taken into account.
Today, forensic psychological examination is reaching a new level of development: psychophysiological and psycholinguistic expert examinations are more effectively applied, and new methods are being developed. Among the new directions appeared such as the study of vice of the will, examination of mental impact and moral harm.