The car has a complex device. This is not only the engine, gearbox, suspension and bodywork. Also in the device of the car an exhaust system is provided . It includes an element such as a silencer. Why is it needed and how is it arranged? We will consider the device of a car silencer in our today's article.
Appointment
This is an integral part of the exhaust system. It is the muffler that reduces the noise level of the exhaust when the engine is idling and under load. In addition, a similar element performs the following tasks:
- Reduces gas flow rate.
- Lowers their temperature.
- Converts their energy (reduces ripple).
It must be understood that the exhaust gases that come from the engine cylinders have a very high pressure. In view of this, substantial sound vibrations are created. The task of the silencer is to convert these vibrations into thermal energy. Thus, the noise level is reduced.
Of course, complete silence will not succeed, but he will be able to remove most of the vibrations. But the principle of the muffler is such that it creates a back pressure in the exhaust system. This leads to a slight decrease in engine power. For this purpose, sports silencers are put on some cars, but we will talk about them a little later.
Device
So, we will consider the device of the VAZ muffler and other modern cars. The design of such an element includes:
- metal case;
- front perforated pipe;
- middle septum;
- inlet pipe;
- rear septum;
- rear perforated pipe;
- exhaust pipe.
The silencer has a complex structure. In the metal case there are several tubes - they are all perforated. If we consider the device of the silencer in the context, you can see that it has several cameras. Depending on the model of car, there can be from two to four. On expensive silencers, sound absorbing material is additionally used. But, as a rule, the item goes without it. This applies to all models of VAZ and budget cars.
Thus, the gas flow is constantly changing its direction. A silencer is a maze through which the exhaust fumes become less loud. The case itself is made of ordinary metal. To extend their life, manufacturers create aluminum spraying. But such coverage does not last long.
The first foci of corrosion appear on the surface a year after operation. Especially such silencers are afraid of moisture and road reagents. Also, corrosion appears not only outside, but also inside. Cutting a used silencer, you can see that its partitions do not have solid foundations, and some have already rotted at all.
Forward flow
He is a sports muffler. Its design is slightly different from the standard. So, a straight-through muffler device requires the following components:
- housing;
- straight-through exhaust pipe;
- perforated pipe;
- steel mesh;
- sound-absorbing material (fiberglass is used as such);
- all-welded joints.
As we noted earlier, a conventional silencer creates backpressure in the exhaust system. Since this is displayed negatively on power, a direct-flow analogue was created. It differs in that it does not have any cameras with partitions. In fact, this is a straight perforated pipe. By design, it resembles a resonator.
The advantage of such a muffler is that it contributes to a better blowing of the cylinders. That is, gases freely leave the system. Moreover, due to the increased diameter of the pipe at the end, the gases are drawn out, as it were, not lingering in the manifold and other elements. All this has a positive effect on power.
But I must say that the installation of a direct-flow muffler is relevant only if there is a sports, turbocharged engine under the hood. If this is a standard car, even with minimal technical modifications, you will not be able to feel the increase in power. In addition, forward flow creates a louder sound, as the reviews say. And not everyone likes it.
Motorcycle muffler
It slightly resembles the design of the muffler described above. So, it consists of:
- cylindrical part;
- straight cone;
- exhaust pipe;
- inverse cone.
Since here the simplest design of the partitions, such a muffler does not significantly reduce the sound of the exhaust. It works almost the same as direct-flow. The exhaust sound is very loud - say reviews.
Silencer principle
Consider how a classic car muffler works. It must be said that before the noise canceling procedure, the gases pass in the resonator. It is located behind the exhaust manifold and in front of the muffler. It takes up to 40% of the gas pressure. Substances then enter the silencer.
Since the silencer device implies the presence of several partitions, gases are forced to pass through this maze. After passing through each chamber, the level of vibration and exhaust flow rate decreases. At the same time, the silencer housing itself is heated. At the exit, we get a quiet, not too hot exhaust, given that its temperature at the beginning is more than 400 degrees. Thus, sound reduction is achieved due to the damping of sound waves by partitions.
Absorber Features
Considering the device of the muffler, it is worth noting such a component as an absorber. It is usually used on sports silencers. The absorber is located in the space between the body and the perforated pipe. It has a soft and porous structure. Designed to reduce vibrations and sound vibrations. As an absorber can be used:
- metal shavings;
- glass wool;
- mineral wool;
- metal wool;
- other non-combustible materials.
Part of the sound goes into the absorber. Thus, the energy of the gases is reduced. But you need to know that during absorption this material heats up significantly. Therefore, it must be resistant to fire.
Which is better - direct exhaust pipe or conventional silencer?
There is no single answer to this question. This is not to say that a sports silencer is the standard, otherwise it would be used on every car. Among the advantages of direct flow, reviews note:
- High service life, as the case is made of stainless steel.
- Increase engine power. On average, this indicator increases by 3-5%. Therefore, such a difference is felt only on high-power and efficient engines.
At the same time, such silencers have one huge minus. This is the sound of the exhaust. It is very loud, so such silencers are not suitable for normal operation.
As for the classic ones, they are much quieter, but serve less. Usually, the service life is three to five years.
Weapon silencer device
There are several types. If we talk about the simplest silencer for a pistol, its device is as follows:
- housing;
- rubber membrane;
- connecting nut;
- expansion chamber.
The latter has a cylindrical shape and is closed with a rubber membrane in front. Since the camera has a larger diameter than the barrel, the gases in it expand and lose speed. After the bullet, they go out with much less energy.
But I must say that such a silencer device for weapons is unreliable. A similar design is designed for 100 shots. Then the membrane wears out and needs to be changed. There are more reliable options. So, the silencer device for weapons includes a solid rubber stopper. It replaces a flimsy membrane.
Another type of silencer - with obturation. Consists of:
- expansion chamber;
- spacer sleeve;
- plugs-shutters in the amount of two pieces.
The next type of weapon silencers - two-chamber eccentric. The silencer device requires a camera with a partition. The principle of action is the same as that of the simplest species.
A more complex type is a heat-absorbing muffler. Its essence is to absorb heat and energy through aluminum shavings, brass or copper wire. Among the shortcomings of this type it is worth noting the frequent wear of absorbers - they have to be changed regularly. The silencer device includes:
- wire stack;
- a nut;
- spacer sleeves;
- interchamber partition.
Conclusion
So, we examined the device of the muffler and its features. As you can see, there are several varieties of such elements. On modern cars, the installation of a multi-chamber silencer is practiced. But sports forward flow is placed only on certain varieties of cars.