Heating systems in country houses can be equipped according to various schemes. They draw up projects of such engineering networks taking into account, for example, such factors as the area of the heated premises, the particular layout of the building, the estimated cost limit, etc. Next, in the article, we will consider what a scheme of a two-pipe heating system with bottom wiring is like.
The main types of heating systems
Only three main types of such networks can be equipped in country houses:
single tube;
two-pipe;
collector.
One-pipe heating systems are usually installed only in very small houses. In such networks, the coolant moves along the radiators in series and returns back to the boiler.
Collector networks are collected in large cottages with a significant number of rooms. In this case, one of the elements of the heating system is a comb. An inlet pipe from the boiler is connected to it at the inlet. The outputs of the collector are connected to the mains supplying the coolant to consumers.
Two-pipe heating systems can be mounted in houses of various sizes. But most often they are still installed in one-two-story buildings. Such networks have, in comparison with single-tube networks, a more complex one, and with collector networks they have a simpler design. It is the systems of this variety that are currently the most popular among private developers. In some cases, the owners of suburban areas collect two-pipe heating systems in private houses with their own hands. Structurally, such communications are somewhat more complex than single-pipe ones. But still, it is possible to assemble a heating network of such a design with your own hands if you have certain skills.
Sometimes the owners of suburban areas can not decide which system - two-pipe or single-pipe - is best to mount for heating a private house. It is believed that the first version of networks is more suitable specifically for residential buildings of a more or less significant area. At the cottages, the simplest single-tube systems are usually installed. In some cases, even the coolant in such networks can move through the pipes naturally under the action of gravity.
Types of two-pipe systems
The layout of networks of this type, in turn, is upper and lower. In the first case, pipes are laid above the level of radiators when assembling the system. Highways are drawn using such a scheme, usually in the attic. Below the battery level in this case, only the return line is located. From the line passing through the attic, hot water is supplied down to the batteries through risers.
In systems with lower wiring, both pipes are located under the radiators. That is, in this case, both the feed and the return are pulled along the bottom. Schemes of two-pipe heating systems with lower wiring are usually implemented when the pipes they want to hide under the floor so that they do not spoil the interior.
Types of lower wiring
Two-pipe heating systems assembled according to this scheme can be vertical or horizontal. In the first case, radiators are connected to several risers. Such networks are most often mounted in high-rise buildings.
In horizontal heating systems with a lower wiring, a pair of risers is usually used only one. All radiators on each floor are connected to them. Systems of this type are usually equipped in small residential buildings. In most cases, they are mounted in one- or two-story private buildings.
Mounting technology
Two-pipe heating systems with a bottom wiring vertical are mounted, as already mentioned, mainly only in high-rise buildings. In private homes, such networks are assembled with horizontal pipe laying. In high-rise buildings, the design and assembly of heating systems is, of course, carried out exclusively by specialists. In private buildings, such work is sometimes done with their own hands. We will talk about how two-pipe networks with a lower wiring are mounted, and we will talk later in the article.
This procedure usually consists of the following steps:
boiler installation;
radiator installation;
laying the lines themselves;
radiator inserts;
installation of a circulation pump and expansion tank;
connecting highways to the boiler.
At the final stage, the boiler during the assembly of two-pipe heating systems of country houses is connected to the gas main. This procedure is independently prohibited. Only licensed specialists connect boilers to gas.
Mounting the heating unit
When using the scheme of a two-pipe heating system with a lower wiring, like any other, the boilers in country houses are mounted, according to the instructions from the manufacturer. Mounted models are mounted on the walls. Floor mounted on a pedestal or just a refractory sheet in a specially equipped boiler room or, for example, in the kitchen.
According to the norms of SNiP, the room in which the heating unit is located (up to 30 kW), in any case, must have dimensions of at least 7.5 m 3 . The minimum ceiling height in the boiler room is 2 m. Also, in the room with the boiler, there must be a hood or a window with a window leaf.
After installing the heating unit in place, a chimney is connected to it. To lay it, holes are made in the ceilings and the roof or in the wall of the building.
Installation of radiators
When assembling two-pipe heating systems, radiators are usually hung under the windows. With this arrangement, they will be more efficient in heating rooms. Mount radiators on walls with preliminary marking on brackets.
Laying of highways with lower wiring
Pipes for such a network, as for any other, of course, you need to choose the right one. When buying, first of all, you need to pay attention to their diameter. In two-pipe heating systems, the mains are usually not too thick. In such networks, in the vast majority of cases, the circulation pump is responsible for the movement of water through the pipes. The diameter of the pipes in the networks of this variety depends on many factors. But usually this figure does not exceed 25-32 mm.
The mains can be stretched during the installation of such a heating system at a small height above the floor. This makes them relatively invisible. In some cases, heating pipes when using such a scheme can be laid completely under the floor. This option, of course, is more complicated in execution. However, the pipes in the rooms in the house are not visible at all.
Heating lines are pulled out using such a scheme with preliminary marking made using roulette and level. Highways are fastened to the building envelope on clamps. When laying pipes, they are hidden in the concrete floor or in the wall with a preliminary gating of the latter.
Methods for inserting radiators
There are several ways to connect to the laid mains in a two-pipe heating system with a lower battery wiring:
lateral;
diagonal
lower;
saddle.
In the first case, both pipes - both the supply and the return - are connected to the radiator from the side of one section. This insertion method is usually used only in one-story houses when installing no more than 15 batteries. The disadvantage of such a connection scheme is that the last radiators in the chain in this case will not warm up too well.
Diagonal way in private homes usually connect batteries with a large number of sections. In this case, the supply pipe is connected to the upper battery nozzle. The outlet, however, crashes into the lower one on the other side of the radiator.
The lower and saddle methods are usually used when they want to hide pipes under the floor. In the second case, the radiator is connected to both pipes through the lower pipes from different sides. In this case, only small sections of highways are visible above the floor.
The bottom connection of radiators in two-pipe heating systems is currently used quite often. In this way they insert a specially designed battery. Today, radiators are also produced, in which the lower pipes are located on one side.
Connection Rules
When inserting batteries during the assembly of two-pipe heating systems, with your own hands, including, it is imperative to follow these recommendations:
Radiators must be mounted strictly horizontally. In some cases, deviations are allowed, but not less than 1 degree.
The distance from the radiator to the windowsill should be 10-15 cm.
At about the same distance, the battery should be located off the floor.
The minimum distance from the wall to the radiator is 5 cm.
To lower the air at the lower connection of pipes to radiators, a Mayevsky crane is usually installed. Among other things, on batteries during their installation, shut-off and control valves are provided. If it is available, it becomes possible to dismantle the radiators if it is necessary to replace or repair them without shutting down the whole system.
Installation of expansion tank and pump
After the radiators are connected, you can proceed with the installation of these two structural elements of the heating system. The expansion tank is usually installed next to the boiler at the feed. In doing so, make sure that it is at the highest point of the system.
Circulating pumps, on the contrary, in most cases are put on the return. Such equipment is not mounted for supply so far as the water in this pipe flows very hot. Due to the increased temperature, the structural elements of the pump will very quickly fail. Today, there is also equipment of this type on sale that can pass hot water without harm to itself. However, such pumps are quite expensive and therefore are practically not used when installing heating systems for private houses.
The final stage
Of course, a safety group must also be included in the scheme of a two-pipe heating system with a lower wiring. Sometimes when tying the boiler it is necessary to install it separately. However, modern heating gas units are usually supplemented by it already at the production stage. Therefore, you most likely will not have to install a security group, including when assembling a network with a lower connection yourself.
After the pump and tank are installed, the supply and return lines are connected to the corresponding boiler nozzles. Next, a chimney is connected to the heating unit. On this, the heating system of a country house with a lower connection can be considered assembled.
After the installation of the heating network is completed, among other things, work is underway to verify and commission it. That is, simply put, pressure testing is carried out with the subsequent elimination of various kinds of flaws, if necessary.