When kidney failure is diagnosed, a person is faced with the fact that he should completely review his diet. This pathology is associated with a state of organs in which the kidneys are not able to work in normal mode. Basically, the problem appears against the background of another developing disease.
The form of pathology can be acute or chronic. The first occurs completely suddenly due to shock or poisoning. And the second gradually reduces the functionality of the kidneys, during which the tissue gradually dies. The article addresses the issue of proper nutrition, diet for kidney failure, menu.
Reason for violation
It should be noted that the disease appears for various reasons. The acute phase of renal failure can be triggered by:
- problems associated with heart failure, arrhythmias, and decreased blood circulation;
- kidney infections, such as pyelonephritis or nephritis;
- pathologies that complicate the patency of the genitourinary system.
The chronic form is associated with urolithiasis, metabolic disorders, diabetes, vascular pathologies, rheumatic and genetic diseases.
It is clear that the ailment is due to the fact that the body is not able to cope with its main functions, which include digestion and assimilation of substances. That is why a special diet for renal failure should be considered, the menu of which will be discussed below.
Nutrition Basics
All nutrition should be based on removing the maximum load from the kidneys and ridding the person of swelling, if any. For this, no more than 60 grams of animal protein should be consumed per day. Sometimes the dose is reduced to 40 grams. Essential amino acids are preferably obtained from fish, meat or poultry. Salt intake should be kept under strict control. The maximum allowable amount should be no more than one gram per day. But, of course, this is individual, depending on how long the body is able to retain fluid in itself.
Despite the low protein intake, the daily calorie intake should be quite high. It is obtained from fats and carbohydrates. So, it is recommended to eat protein-free bread made from wheat and corn flour, noodles from rice and mousse on starch. In addition, vitamins derived from berries and fruits, as well as freshly squeezed juices, must be present in the diet.
At the same time, you should completely abandon those drinks and products that irritate the kidneys. These include:
- alcohol;
- thick broths;
- chocolate;
- Black tea;
- spicy spices;
- smoked meats, as well as pickled and canned foods.
In small quantities are allowed:
- oily fish;
- caviar;
- legumes;
- dairy products;
- dried fruits;
- nuts
- sunflower seeds.
Nutrition at the onset of the disease
If the disease has just occurred, then a diet for renal failure should be prescribed. The menu will include familiar dishes, but a small proportion of them will be slightly changed. For example, protein is reduced to 70 grams per day. Sometimes specialists use a formula according to which the amount of biologically active substance consumed depends on the weight of a person.
The bulk should be of plant origin (e.g. vegetables, cereals, lentils and beans, as well as nuts). These products have many alkaline compounds, due to which they are better excreted from the body. Initially, salt intake is reduced quite a bit. Daily it is allowed to eat with products up to 6 grams. And if urine excretion is increased, then salt can be consumed and more.
The diet should contain more vegetables and fruits. From the first it is good to make salads, pouring them with olive or other vegetable oil. It is also useful to do fasting days, which are arranged once a week. At this time, they eat, for example, watermelon, apples or pumpkin. The amount of fluid that is drunk during the day should be more than 500 milliliters of what is excreted from the body.
Menu at the initial stage of the disease
For a day, you can offer the person who has this stage of the disease, the following menu:
- Breakfast consists of light tea with honey or jam, boiled chicken eggs and a couple of boiled potatoes.
- For a snack, drink herbal tea and eat sour cream or yogurt.
- Dine in a bowl of soup and vegetable stew.
- For dinner, you can eat rice porridge with milk and a cup of tea with jam.
Chronic stage
With this disease, kidney function is getting worse and worse. At this stage, a more strict diet is needed than in the previous case. The body is poisoned by its own metabolic products, which is why many internal organs are affected. In addition to carefully calculating the daily dose of protein, unsalted foods should be consumed. Milk, vegetables and fruits, as well as mushrooms, are significantly reduced in quantity. Some foods must be completely excluded from the diet. These include bananas, apricots, dried fruits, spicy foods and sausages. It is allowed to drink tomato, apple, cherry and lemon juices.
Menu for the chronic stage of the disease
At the same time, up to 3000 kilocalories should be received per day. A sample menu for the day in the chronic stage of renal failure may be as follows:
- Breakfast consists of a vegetable salad with rice and tea pudding.
- For a snack, you can eat grated carrots with sugar.
- For lunch, soup is prepared from vegetables, boiled poultry and boiled potatoes, and for dessert they drink a glass of compote.
- An afternoon snack includes a decoction of wheat with sugar or jelly from berries.
- For dinner, boil a chicken egg and make pancakes with tea.
Acute stage
During periods of exacerbation, a person may not have appetite at all. This often causes nausea and even vomiting. Naturally, I don’t want to eat at such moments. However, this is necessary, since the feeling of hunger and thirst increases the breakdown of protein, and the exchange of minerals and nitrogen is disturbed even more. Protein in the diet should be approximately 20 grams per day. You can drink milk, eat eggs, cream and sour cream, as well as berries, fruits, honey, butter and rice.
Diet for kidney failure: menu
A sample menu per day in this case may be as follows:
- Breakfast consists of tea with whole grain bread and fruit.
- For a snack you can eat yogurt.
- For lunch they make dumplings made from potatoes and flour, as well as a salad with vegetables and jelly from berries.
- For an afternoon snack, berries are eaten, for example, blueberries, blueberries and strawberries.
- Dinner can consist of steamed fish cakes and vegetables.
For diabetics
In the morning, it is best for diabetics to eat porridge and drink non-strong tea without sugar. Between breakfast and lunch, you can eat fruits such as tangerine or orange. The ideal lunch will be obtained from borscht cooked in vegetable broth, as well as a glass of compote. In the afternoon, they drink a glass of juice from vegetables and eat chicken meat, vegetable salad and drink herbal tea.
Table 7
At the initial stage of diabetes, diet No. 7 is the most common. It usually consists of the following products:
- In the morning, they eat a hard-boiled egg, buckwheat and drink tea.
- A baked pumpkin is prepared for a snack.
- Lunch consists of milk soup, poultry, casseroles and fruit drinks.
- For an afternoon snack - an orange.
- For dinner, they make vinaigrette, boil fish and drink a glass of yogurt.
Consider several recipes for preparing meals for kidney failure, which are included in table 7 and other diets.
First meal
Vegetable soup, broth, vegetarian borscht, cabbage soup and more are prepared as hot first courses. Here are some recipes.
For vegetable soup, take one hundred grams of potatoes and white cabbage, 60 grams of carrots, a glass of milk, 30 grams of butter and a decoction of vegetables. Boiled vegetables in a purified form, rubbed on a sieve and added to the broth, where heated milk is added. All ingredients are boiled for several minutes.
Vegetarian borscht includes the following products: 150 grams of potatoes, beets and white cabbage, 100 grams of tomato, 50 grams of carrots and sour cream, as well as 30 grams of onions, butter and herbs. The vegetables are chopped, and the beets are rubbed on a coarse grater and boiled. Before serving, chopped greens and sour cream are added to the dish.
The first course can also be cooked on fruit. To do this, take one hundred grams of currants, apples and plums, orange peels, cream and half a dessert spoon of starch. Wash fruits, cut out seeds and peel. Then they are cooked, and then brewed in starch, which is diluted in cold water, seasoned with orange peels, sugar and cream is added to taste.
Second courses
Especially diverse can be just the second courses. Prepare, for example, boiled meat or meat puree, boiled fish with vegetables, buckwheat, rice and oatmeal, casseroles, baked apples, sauces with sour cream or milk.
To prepare mashed meat, take 120 grams of beef, 40 grams of bechamel sauce and a few grams of butter. The meat is boiled, then passed three times through a meat grinder, add the sauce and grind. In addition to sauce, you can simply pour meat broth into the dish.
Fish and vegetables is prepared as follows: take 700 grams of pike, cod, bream or pike perch, 200 grams of celery and carrots, as well as 100 grams of parsley. First they wash, cut and cut the fish. Then they wash, peel, cut the vegetables and stew a little. With half-preparedness, fish are added to them and stewed all together. Before serving, add greens.
You can also cook porridge. Take 20 grams of cereal, one hundred milliliters of milk, six grams of sugar, up to five grams of butter and 120 milliliters of water. Grains are slowly poured into boiling water, stirring the contents until a homogeneous mass is obtained. Then the pan is placed on low heat and left for another hour. The prepared porridge is wiped through a sieve, milk and sugar are added and boiled for a few more minutes.
For the preparation of baked apples, in addition to themselves, you will need only sugar. The core is removed from the fruit and laid out on a baking sheet, where 200 milliliters of water are poured. The apples are sprinkled with sugar, a little browned in the oven, after which sugar is added again and baked.
Beverages
It is useful to make herbal teas, infusions and compotes.
So, the infusion of rose hips is prepared as follows: for one liter of liquid, one hundred grams of fruits and the same amount of sugar are taken. After washing the rosehip and dousing it with boiling water, it is placed in a pan, poured with hot water and boiled with the lid closed for ten minutes. Then remove from heat and leave to infuse for a day.
Berry jelly is very useful. To do this, take three glasses of juice from blueberries, currants and raspberries, three quarters of a glass of potato starch and one hundred grams of sugar. Water is added to the juice to make three glasses, covered with sugar and put on fire, bringing to a boil. Then it is slowly poured into a container with three quarters of cold water and starch. Kissel is served chilled.
All sorts of compotes from fresh berries and fruits are also prepared.
Explanation
Before those who suffer from this disease, the question always arises of what can be eaten in case of renal failure. For example, I wonder why dried fruits and bananas are prohibited?
To answer this question, you need to understand the course of the disease. At this time, the body is very weak, mainly due to the excessive amount of potassium that enters the bloodstream. Since this substance cannot be excreted by the kidneys, the intake of trace elements must be reduced. Potassium is found in large quantities in dried fruits, legumes, bananas. That is why these products can not be eaten.
The minimum amount of salt is allowed because this substance is able to retain fluid in the body. Its excess will lead to severe edema and hypertension. Of course, this will also negatively affect the work of such important organs as the kidneys.
Conclusion
Thus, choosing a diet and studying what should not be eaten in case of kidney failure, many factors and conditions should be taken into account. So, it is important to know about all concomitant diseases, if any, their form and stage of development. Only in this case can we expect that a restrained diet will be correct and produce a truly effective effect, helping a person cope with his illness.