All states have a different structure. Sometimes we get confused when reading or listening to the opinions of political scientists explaining the current configuration on the world stage. And the questions, it turns out, are extremely subtle. For example, some say that the Russian Federation is a super-presidential republic. Do you agree? Do you understand what it is and what it leads to? Let's figure it out.
General concepts
To determine what a super-presidential republic is, it is necessary to study the structure of the country as a whole. States are republics and monarchies. In the first case, power belongs theoretically to the people, in the second - to one person or family. Republics are not the same either. They are usually classified according to the distribution of responsibilities between the legislative and executive branches. For example, in a parliamentary republic, the main body is formed by the results of a plebiscite. He controls the executive branch, decides in which direction the country will develop. In the presidential, the head of state has more powers. This is enshrined in the Constitution. In general, the democratic system assumes that all the rules of life are prescribed in laws - special documents. There are, however, exceptions. For example, the British Parliament did not bother to create a constitution. It does not exist in print.
Features of the super-presidential republic
Let's return to the studied state. It is distinguished from others by the fact that all power is concentrated in the hands of the first person. Of course, a super-presidential republic can also have elected bodies. But their powers are limited. Only what the president decided is legal. This person has uncontrolled power, which has its pros and cons. Only the people can give their leader powers and select them. Although some historical examples suggest that not everyone succeeds in depriving the president of power. That is, a dictatorship sets in. An example is post-revolutionary Russia before the creation of the USSR. The state proclaimed for some period the dictatorship of the proletariat. It was a special system of establishing the power of the people, breaking the old monarchical order. But it cannot be considered that it was a super-presidential republic. After all, this provision should be reflected in the basic law. This is currently happening in Latin America. More about them.
Nation leader
It should be noted that to create the described system, objective reasons are needed. People should perceive it naturally, support it. The super-presidential republic, examples of which we will find on the map of Latin America, is characterized by a particularly reverent attitude of the population to its leader. He is considered the "father of the nation." This person has unlimited power. If in others the society is trying to build a system of balances, then the super-presidential structure is simpler. The head of state cannot be controlled at the official level by courts or parliamentarians. He reports for his activities only to voters, who often bring him to the top of the board. Election of a leader by direct vote. That is, there are no mechanisms to help the leader communicate with the people. Therefore, the device is called the "super-presidential republic."
Country Examples
Political scientists name twelve states in which super-presidential rule is constitutionally fixed. We list them: Brazil, Haiti, Venezuela, Guatemala, Dominican Republic, Honduras, Mexico, Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, El Salvador. It is only necessary to say that these countries have signs of a super-presidential republic. They are legislatively fixed. This is reflected not only in the powers of the leader of the country, but also in relation to him by the people. The fact is that uncontrolled power provides not only advantages. The flip side is the exactingness of the voter. After all, it was he who brought the president to power. Therefore, he is a tough and demanding judge.
How does such a state arise
Science claims that it is impossible to form the described connection of the people with the leader out of the blue. This requires a special cultural basis. It arose in Latin American countries. A recognized leader there gained power through a coup (sometimes armed). Some sources claim that such a process is characterized by a lack of legitimacy. One can argue with that. After all, the people legitimize power. And since the majority is for its leader, then what is undemocratic here? Critics also argue that the super president is forced to act in a continuous emergency. If she calms down, then his level of authority decreases. This is also a controversial opinion. After all, the power of a leader is enshrined in the constitution. For example, Peru’s basic law contains a clause authorizing the president to “personify the nation”.
Conclusions about Russia
Having understood in general terms how the super-presidential republic differs from other forms of government, a person should understand what kind of idea is put forward by political scientists who call it Russia. They are enemies of the Russian Federation, trying in this way to split the society and prevent its consolidation. The President of the Russian Federation has many powers. They are fixed by law. But to call Russia super-presidential is unfounded or illiterate. All branches of power work in the country, democratic balances are created.