Monitoring the education system is a concept that emerged in the process of informative development of society. There was a need for subjective and objective information about certain structures and objects. It is the need of society for obtaining information that contributed to the expansion of various studies in pedagogy. Let us analyze the distinctive characteristics of research, which has recently become more and more in Russian schools.
Destination
Monitoring in education is the ability to collect, process, disseminate, store information about the educational and educational process. A similar process allows you to conduct scientific research, organize control (select assessment methods).
Monitoring in the field of education is mentioned in those cases when the phenomena and processes that occur in the subject environment are monitored. Such actions are needed in order to use the results of observations in management activities.
History reference
Monitoring in education is a concept that appeared in the 19th century. Its founders were priest Andrew Bell and teacher Joseph Lancaster. The essence of the term was that the teacher transmitted knowledge to a group of students (10 people), who then broadcast information to 10 more children. Thus, one teacher covered an audience of several tens, hundreds of schoolchildren at once. A child who received trust from a teacher was called a "monitor" - a guide, a supervisor. That is how monitoring was introduced in education. This is a constant monitoring of the pedagogical and educational process, which helps to analyze the achievement of the goal set by the teacher.
Working definition
Monitoring in education is a standardized systematic observation of the process. For educational activity to be successful, a systematic monitoring of current work, as well as the effectiveness of academic work, is necessary. Within the framework of planning, forecasting is important, which allows you to make certain adjustments in order to increase the efficiency of education and upbringing of the younger generation.
The monitoring center in education is an essential tool to systematize individual methods into a single pedagogical concept. It is carried out through a personality-oriented approach to the education and training of schoolchildren.
Monitoring the education system is a system not only of collecting and processing, but also disseminating information about the functioning of the pedagogical system. A similar process contributes to the continuous monitoring of its condition, allows forecasting the necessary innovations.
The teacher A. S. Belkin monitoring the development of education is considered as a process of constant scientifically based, prognostic, diagnostic analysis of the state, development of the pedagogical process for the selection and timely solution of educational goals and objectives. Only then can we talk about the effectiveness of the functioning of the educational system.
Important points
Monitoring informatization of education involves a systematic and continuous monitoring of the results, their detailed comparison with the initial standard on a scientific basis. In modern conditions, it is important not only to achieve the quality of education, but also to use all the internal reserves of the educational organization, which is difficult to identify with the formal traditional version of control over the process and the results of the educational and educational process.
To identify the resources that provide the subsequent development of the educational organization, it is possible only with the competent thought out of research activities within the school. Monitoring informatization of the education system is part of this work.
What is required
For the organization of research related to the analysis of the quality of the organization of educational and developmental activities in public institutions, it is important to involve teachers. Teachers systematically enter information into a computer and process it. In order for them to successfully cope with the additional responsibilities imposed on them, computer literacy will be required.
Organization Features
The monitoring of additional education is focused on the student. It allows you to identify the dynamics of its achievement, which contributes to obtaining information about the development of the child, not only for his parents, but also for himself. Such a process is the most important means of assessment and control. Thanks to such studies, the information space is changing, since objectivity, timeliness, and accessibility of information are increasing. The purpose of monitoring is the timely identification of any changes occurring in the educational process.
Among the main advantages of this work, we note that the center for monitoring the quality of education, on the basis of the information received, forms universal, adapted to additional and secondary education methodological tools.
Research hierarchy
Among the conditions for its effective implementation, ease of use, objectivity of information, etc. are highlighted. Consideration of regional features is an important criterion for assessing the effectiveness of a monitoring system. Analysis of the real picture of its creation and functioning involves the allocation of several levels of monitoring:
1. At the level of educational organization. The essence of the research is to fix a generalized comprehensive view of the functioning of the school, achieving the goal set by society before the educational institution. Within the framework of the monitoring, the development of an individual student is also analyzed, and based on the results obtained, predictive information of a psychological and pedagogical type is created.
2. At the municipal level, an idea is formed of the work of all educational organizations that are located in the municipality. In this case, the distinctive parameters of each individual element are taken into account: gymnasiums, colleges, lyceums, specialized schools. Based on the information received, a preliminary plan for the development of the educational system is being developed.
3. The regional level involves fixing ideas about the work of the entire system, its elements (municipalities), taking into account the distinctive features of each public institution. Based on the information received, a forecast is developed for the subsequent organization of educational work in a particular region.
4. At the federal level, the center for monitoring and development of education analyzes the work of all schools, lyceums, and gymnasiums. The control is built on the basis of the Federal State Educational Standard for elementary, secondary, and basic schools; a final check is carried out on the achievement of educational institutions by educational institutions.
The center for monitoring and developing education in the city and region is building its work so that the requirements of new educational standards are met at each level of education. Achieving such a result is possible only by applying agreed criteria at each level.
Those requirements for the organization of the educational and educational process, on the basis of which a system of multi-level monitoring of pedagogical activity is built, is developed on the basis of the state general educational standard.
Research application
There are many areas of application of pedagogical monitoring. Numerous systems have certain common characteristics, due to which it can be considered an independent scientific and practical phenomenon.
The modern system for assessing the quality of education is one of the steps for Russia to enter the global and pan-European educational space. One can talk about improving the quality of Russian education only if the results of the research conducted will become the basis for the subsequent innovative activity of all subjects of the educational and educational process.
Within the framework of the functioning of the educational system, orientation of schools by social order is carried out. To organize effective activities to meet the needs of society, it is important to timely monitor the dynamics of quantitative and qualitative indicators that reflect the educational needs of the population, as well as analyze the educational services offered by various relevant organizations.
Pedagogical monitoring and analysis of the work of the OS makes it possible to control the objectivity of marking, make teachers certain corrections in their professional activities.
Types of monitoring
There is a division of all studies in the education system into two groups: statistical and “soft”.
The first option is based on data from static reporting: a consistent system of collecting information, state reporting.
Non-static (“soft”) monitoring is based on indicators that are developed independently by researchers. A. S. Belkin also highlights the didactic analysis, which involves tracking various aspects of the educational and educational process. This allows you to create a system of relationships between all participants in the educational process, track the system of personal, group, collective relationships, control the psychological atmosphere in individual groups of the team.
School Monitoring Typology
Depending on the scale of the learning objectives, operational, tactical, and strategic monitoring are distinguished.
The stages of the educational process are supposed to be input, thematic, intermediate, and also final control. Depending on the time frame, retrospective, advanced (preventive), ongoing monitoring is carried out. Depending on the number of studies, we are talking about a one-time, periodic, systematic analysis. Taking into account the form of organization in domestic education, external studies, as well as introspection and self-control, are carried out.
Depending on the goals that are set for monitoring, a diverse set of tools for conducting research is used. So, to assess the quality of knowledge of graduates of 9 classes, children are offered tasks with a choice of answer. Depending on the base selected for analysis, for example, dynamic monitoring is distinguished. Its essence is to assess the dynamics of the development of a certain indicator, phenomenon, object. It is the easiest way to track a child’s progress along an individual educational path.
Competitive monitoring involves the choice for examination of the results of a similar study of other educational environments. In such situations, monitoring becomes the platform for many serial tests. It is conducted in parallel in several OSs at once, then rating tables are built, which are brought to the attention of all participants. Thanks to such monitoring, not only those educational institutions that use the most effective teaching and educational methods are used, but also the quality of knowledge of students at each level of education is analyzed.
Comparative monitoring involves the selection for examination of the results of similar studies of one or more systems of a higher level. It is needed to compare a separate educational organization with the Federal State Educational Standard, which is relevant when attesting a school.
Conclusion
At present, society is putting forward new requirements for schools, lyceums, and gymnasiums. As one of the functions of conducting school monitoring, integrative is distinguished, which allows providing a comprehensive description of the processes that occur in the system. In addition, research is being conducted with the aim of diagnosing, due to which the state of educational activity, as well as changes, is scanned, and a conclusion is made about the stability of the functioning of a separate educational organization.
As part of the monitoring, an examination of the state, forms, concepts, methods of the educational and educational processes is carried out. Experts get a real picture in a separate school, which is necessary for the preparation of a long-term plan for the work of the OS.
Thanks to the informational content of monitoring the educational process of the school, satisfaction is determined in receptions, methods, and programs by all participants in the educational process. Information obtained in the framework of such studies is processed, on the basis of which certain adjustments are made to the organization’s long-term work plan, relations with students' parents.