The political system of the United States is determined by their basic law - the Constitution, adopted as early as 1787. The main principles and defining concepts of the system are also indicated in the amendments adopted a little later, or in other laws. The power to exercise state power is transferred by the Constitution to the Federal Government of the States. The main law of the country also defines the principle of separation of the three powers, according to which the federal government consists of independent bodies: legislative, executive, and judicial. They, in turn, act separately from each other.
The US Constitution consists of several parts:
- the preamble, which describes in detail the main goals of the adoption of the Constitution, their number is 85;
- articles - 7 pieces;
- amendments - 27 pieces, the first ten of which are the Bill of Rights.
US Political System: Legislature
The highest legislative body in the United States is the bicameral Parliament, which comprises the US Congress, which consists of the US Senate and the US House of Representatives. In the Senate, each of the 50 states has 2 representatives. The specific number of people who can represent a particular state is determined every decade, it depends on the population in a particular state. However, even if the number of residents is small, each state has at least one representative in the US Senate. Senators are elected for 6 years, representatives for two years. Each of them can be selected an unlimited number of times.
US Executive
Executive power in the United States is exercised only by the President, whose powers are very voluminous. The entire state apparatus is in its direct subordination, including ministers, heads of departments. The president manages the entire mechanism of the executive apparatus.
The executive apparatus together with the president form the presidential power in the state. The President is forming the administration, the Cabinet of Ministers and executive boards. The Cabinet of Ministers, in turn, is not authorized to adopt government acts, it is an advisory body, so the President may not follow the advice given to them.
US Government
The form of government of the state reflects the organization and structure of the highest authority, the principles on which the interaction between its various institutions is based, and the participation of the population in the formation of the country's power units.
The form of government has several basic properties:
- the way in which the formation of echelons of higher authority occurs;
- structure of government;
- principles underlying the interaction of the authorities: legislative, executive;
- interaction between citizens of the state and the authorities;
- degree of ensuring freedom for the population by the power structures.
The political system of the United States is determined by the republican form of government, which is guaranteed by the Constitution of the state (Article IV). The Republican form of government in America is implemented in the form of a presidential republic and has the following principles: the President of the republic (in this case, the USA) is the head of government and state, the government is not accountable to Congress, the President does not have the authority to dissolve the chambers of Congress.
The political system of the United States, the system of state power in the country is built on the principle of separation of powers. This principle in the United States has turned into a system of balances and checks. The actual relations that exist between the three bodies that form the power in the state - the President of the United States, Congress, the Supreme Court - are undergoing constant changes, but the principle of separation remains unshakable.