Any action performed by a person is done to achieve a specific goal. What are they in pedagogy? Let's look at the main pedagogical goals and objectives, as well as briefly describe them.
What is a goal and how is it formed
A goal is a concept that not only pedagogy operates with, but also philosophy, psychology, and many other sciences. In all of them, this term refers to the predicted result of activity that is ahead of the event itself in the human mind.
Simply put, the goal is the motive that encourages any individual to activity. Upon reaching it, it loses the properties of the stimulus.
For example, a girl dreams of a doll. Parents promise to buy it if their daughter at the end of the year will have only good grades in all subjects. An inspired schoolgirl, for whom the doll becomes a goal, is diligently engaged and fulfills the condition of the parents. Those, in turn, buy the coveted toy.
Having taken possession of the doll, the child loses the incentive, since the goal has been achieved, and you can relax and not lean on studying. However, parents, making sure that their daughter is capable of more, with the appropriate incentive, decide to motivate her to study well, offering to buy a mountain bike next year or send to a prestigious camp where the girl had long dreamed of going.
Since the amount of human needs is large, correctly choosing incentives, parents will be able to seek diligence in their studies from their daughter's school years. In the future, either the girl realizes that she needs knowledge for life and will try herself, or she will learn to set goals for herself and achieve them.
Although the above example is quite prosaic, in reality, the system of goals of any individual is shaped in this way. It is clear that not all of them are material and achievable, but the principle is the same. It is worth noting that the choice of goals largely characterizes the personality itself and its system of values.
The educational goal is ...
In pedagogy, this term refers to the foresight of the teacher and student of the results of their joint work aimed at acquiring new knowledge and skills.
Despite the fact that any pedagogical goal is the result of the interaction between the student and his teacher, for each of the participants in the process it will be excellent.
So the teaching goal is teaching. Therefore, it is the teacher who is responsible for setting educational and educational tasks for students: their formation, optimization and evaluation of the results achieved.
The student goal is learning in general. However, in particular, the goals of students do not always correspond to the goals of the mentor, but may also diverge from them. So, if you look at the above example with a girl and a doll, you can see that the teachers of this schoolgirl try to give her knowledge, but the student herself has a different goal - to get the cherished toy.
Tasks of pedagogy
In the educational sphere, in addition to the concept of “goal”, pedagogical tasks are also distinguished. In meaning, this term is close to the first, but not so global.
Tasks are realized through the search for ways to achieve your goals. In fact, short-term pedagogical goals can be considered such tasks.
Unlike the latter, pedagogy has much more tasks.
- A comprehensive study of the science of education, the study of its problems and the development of various methods for achieving its goals. Use of acquired knowledge and skills for public benefit.
- Creating a full-fledged scientific picture of pedagogical reality that will meet the needs of society as a whole and each of its representatives in particular.
- Development of a detailed multi-level system of educational work in society for the successful transfer of accumulated knowledge to a new generation.
- Creating a system of educational institutions that will meet modern realities.
- Attempts to predict the pedagogical consequences of current events at the state level.
- Creation of training programs adapted to the needs of students of different ages.
- Development of training systems for scientific and pedagogical and pedagogical workers, enlightenment of managers and senior officials, practitioners, enterprises whose activities are related to the training system.
Achieving the above pedagogical goals and objectives is what the general educational system of any state strives for. It is worth noting that it is far from always possible to achieve all of them. The fact is that no matter how well thought out they are, there is always a human factor that cannot be fully predicted.
The structure of pedagogical goals
Having considered what goals are in pedagogy, it is worth considering their structure in more detail. It is three-component.
- The target object is a person in different role positions of training.
- The target subject is the personality side of the trained individual (his experience, motives, individual qualities) which must undergo adjustment and development during the pedagogical process.
- Target action - the immediate actions of the teacher, committed by him for the development of the target subject.
Goal Classes
Like ordinary goals, their pedagogical look is divided into different classes. The selection criterion is the person or organization that establishes them.
- Being both the main consumer and sponsor of the education system, the state determines its own regulatory goals. They are indicated in government documents and educational standards.
Usually this is a set of requirements that are mandatory for implementation in the learning process. The main focus of the class of state pedagogical goals and objectives is the formation of full-fledged, educated able-bodied citizens who will continue to work for the prosperity of their native country.
- Social goals coexist with state ones. They are aimed at ensuring that education meets the needs of various sectors of society as much as possible.
- Individual pedagogical goals are sometimes called proactive. They are established by individual teachers (sometimes by the students themselves) and adapted to the needs of a certain type of students, applied in separate educational institutions.
Institutions, which in addition to state and public pedagogical goals also include individual ones, are specialized schools for children with disabilities, labor correctional schools, schools (lyceums, gymnasiums) with in-depth study of a particular subject, etc.
Pedagogy Objectives
Knowing the answer to the question “Pedagogical goal - what is this?”, It is worth concentrating on its subject.
Each goal has its own, it all depends on what the student plans to develop after the completion of the training and education process.
By characterizing pedagogical goals in terms of their subjects, 3 types can be distinguished.
- Goals aimed at the formation of consciousness and behavior of students. That is, their subject is the acquisition of certain knowledge and skills.
- Goals that form the correct attitude of the individual to the most important aspects of life: society, work, various social institutions (family), art, religion and similar phenomena. In other words, the subject of these goals is a system of values and moral guidelines, which is adopted in a particular society.
- Goals aimed at developing personality talents. That is, their subject is the abilities and interests of a single individual.
Functions
Characterization and analysis of pedagogical goals can also be done through consideration of their functions.
- Goals serve as a standard for the desired result of the entire educational process as a whole. In this case, carrying out any actions, the teacher and student constantly evaluate their appropriateness from the point of view of the ultimate goal. In fact, it is a measure for all educational activity and its effectiveness.
- Any pedagogical goal is an incentive. Trying to achieve it, all participants in the educational process overcome difficulties and obstacles.
- Goals are the norm when choosing means for the implementation of the pedagogical process.
Having considered all the functions that fulfill pedagogical goals, we can conclude that they simultaneously act as peculiar ways of achieving, regulating the methods of interaction chosen by the teacher and student.
Conclusion
Conducting an analysis of pedagogical goals in terms of their structure, classes, subjects and functions, we can conclude that all of them are aimed at the most rapid and effective socialization of the individual, the adoption by it of a system of state and universal values and guidelines.
Unfortunately, even the most experienced teacher is not 100% able to predict whether it will be possible to achieve what is desired when working with the student, since any pedagogical goal is the result of the interaction of an ideal teacher and an ideal student in no less ideal conditions. However, in reality, all these 3 components rarely meet expectations.
Therefore, when setting general educational goals for the state, society or a specific teacher, it is important to always remember that people are not perfect and are unlikely to be able to become one. So, it is necessary to adapt the goals and objectives, taking into account the real, but not desired features of all participants in the educational process.