Smooth and beautiful teeth are an excellent decoration of a person, besides they make him confident. With malocclusion, various complexes occur. It is also dangerous to health. Many people have a mesial bite. The ways to fix it are described in the article.
Why does it appear?
What are the causes of mesial bite? Factors are congenital and acquired. A problem can occur in a child who is in the womb due to various pathological disorders. Acquired causes are bad habits and malnutrition. Judging by the reviews, this is often an acquired phenomenon.
This defect appears when:
- hereditary predisposition;
- impaired fetal formation due to medication during pregnancy;
- birth injuries;
- diseases of the maxillofacial apparatus, which were not eliminated in a timely manner;
- insufficient development of the lower jaw;
- shortened frenum of the tongue;
- rachitis;
- premature loss of dentition or rapid enamel abrasion;
- violation of the sequence of loss of milk and the appearance of permanent teeth;
- constant breathing through the mouth, which occurs with ENT diseases;
- improper body position of the child during rest;
- bad habits.
Mesial bite may appear from several factors. Specialists identify the causes of this pathology, so that preventive measures can be taken and effective treatment prescribed. According to reviews, this phenomenon causes discomfort to the person, which is the reason for going to the doctor.
Classification
Such a pathology as the mesial bite, according to the size of the gap and the location of the bone structures, can be of several types:
- Macrognathia. The defect appears with abnormal development of the upper jaw or strong mobility of both bones of the facial skull.
- Micrognathia. The disease occurs due to the underdevelopment of any jaw.
- Prognathy. Pathology is caused by a strong protrusion of one of the bones.
- Retrograde. An anomaly is formed due to the mobility of the jaw structures.
According to the level of the jaw closure defect and the angle of the lower jaw, there are 3 degrees of the mesial bite:
- First one. The distance between the chewing parts of the lower and upper front teeth is not more than 2 mm. Usually there is a deviation in the position of the side elements by 5 mm from the norm. The mobility of the bone is at an angle of 131 degrees.
- Second degree. Sagittal fissure in size no more than 10 mm. The angle of mobility is 133 degrees.
- The sagittal gap is from 12 mm. There is a violation of the anteroposterior arrangement of the lateral elements (up to 20 mm). The angle of mobility is 145 degrees.
Judging by the reviews of doctors, any kind of pathology requires professional help. If it is provided in a timely manner, then it will turn out to successfully correct the defect.
Symptoms
Pathology can be determined based on facial features. It is noticeable by:
- extension of the lower lip, chin forward;
- lowering of the upper lip;
- concave face profile.
Regarding the dentition, the following symptoms are observed:
- lower incisors located in front of the teeth of the upper jaw;
- while chewing food, clicking and crackling of the jaw bones;
- the teeth of the lower jaw are inclined;
- large elements are present in the mouth.
The defect can be detected by:
- sharp pains in the jaw when talking and eating;
- gum disease and tooth enamel damage;
- violation of diction;
- problems biting and chewing food;
- early tooth loss due to uneven loading.
Effects
Judging by the reviews, if the violation appeared from childhood, many people get used to the pathology and do not notice discomfort. But do not ignore medical care. Progeny, in addition to an aesthetic defect, leads to functional disorders in the body. Due to the improper structure of the jaw there will be no normal chewing of food, which leads to:
- Gastrointestinal diseases. Large pieces of food when moving through the digestive organs cause injuries to the mucous membranes. With gastrointestinal pathologies, problem swallowing is observed.
- Strong abrasion of tooth enamel of the upper jaw. This condition appears due to the fact that the main load falls on the upper row during chewing food. If the enamel is damaged, the risk of dental diseases and inflammation of periodontal tissues increases.
- Damage to the temporomandibular joint in front of the auricle. In this condition, a headache appears, lymph nodes increase, there is a sensation of tinnitus, dizziness.
As many patients note, the above consequences are extremely unpleasantly reflected in the state of health. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures immediately after the detection of the defect, so as not to worsen the condition.
Diagnostics
Before correcting the mesial bite, diagnostic measures are carried out, which are carried out by an orthodontist. On examination, the facial signs of the problem and pathology of the dentition are revealed. Then the doctor performs a linear and angular measurement of bone structures. The severity of the pathology is established by the bite roller.
As additional measures, use the following:
- panoramic picture of the jaw;
- X-ray
- radiation diagnosis.
Determine the presence of functional disorders of bone structures will be obtained using myography. According to the reviews of doctors, diagnosis is a mandatory event, because only after it can an effective treatment be prescribed.
Correction methods
How to fix a mesial bite? The method of treatment is determined in accordance with the age of the patient. But there are effective methods for treating the mesial bite:
- Myogymnastics. This technique is effective for children under 6 years. With the help of special exercises, the muscles of the oral cavity and head, which are responsible for chewing, are strengthened. Myogymnastics is advised to be included in complex therapy.
- Orthodontic systems. Correction of the mesial bite with braces, plates or mouth guards is performed. According to reviews, these fixing devices allow you to safely get rid of the defect. In some places of the jaw, such therapy is often supplemented with a surgical method.
- Operational way. May be prescribed for mesial bite surgery. It can be performed both on some elements of the dentition and on the movable bone. This method is much more effective in comparison with the above correction methods.
- A complex approach. The specialist prescribes a set of procedures that eliminate the bite defect. This approach involves the correction of nutrition, the rejection of bad habits, the use of orthodontic appliances, the implementation of exercises. In complex cases, surgical intervention is used.
- Orthopedic method. In special cases, getting rid of the pathology is possible only with the restoration of some elements of the dentition.
Make sure the result of such treatment will allow photos before and after. The mesial bite can be eliminated only with suitable therapy, which will be performed under the supervision of a specialist.
Treatment in children
How is the mesial bite corrected in children? Up to 10 years old, classical therapy is considered effective, which consists of:
- wearing orthodontic devices;
- cutting the lingual frenum;
- myogymnastics;
- use of vestibular plates;
- massage of the alveolar processes of the jaw.
The child’s bone structures are perfectly adjusted, therefore eliminating the defect is easier and faster. To get rid of anomalies in children, the use of:
- trainers;
- mouthguards;
- activator vunderer;
- Bruckle apparatus;
- caps with a clamp on the jaw;
- Persina device;
- Frenkil stimulator.
When a child has permanent teeth, braces can be used instead of corrective plates and apparatuses. Installation of these systems is an expensive procedure, but with it the effect is visible after 1.5-2 years. Along with orthodontic therapy, children need classes with a speech therapist, which will correct speech defects.
Gymnastics for the muscles of the face and jaw helps. The main condition for performing myogymnastics is the regularity of classes, a gradual increase in load, and cessation of exercise when tired. In adolescents, bracket systems are used for correction. In rare cases, complex treatment is used, for example, when there is a need to remove or restore several teeth. The results of the treatment make it possible to verify the above photo. The mesial bite in children using these methods is corrected effectively and safely.
In adults
How is the mesial bite corrected in adults? After attaching orthodontic appliances, they usually feel pain and discomfort. After 18-19 years, bone structures are almost not adjusted. Therefore, the list of treatment methods is small. This is usually done using:
- A conservative technique in which removable or non-removable corrective products are worn.
- Surgical intervention. In this case, several elements of the dentition can be removed, bone tissue can be dissected to move to the desired position.
Make sure the result will allow the photo before and after. The mesial bite will be able to be corrected only if the specialist recommendations are followed. Braces treatment in adults takes about 2 years. These products provide a noticeable result. Braces are effective in getting rid of various bite defects, including progeny.
There is a modern method for treating defects - the edgewise technique. When it is installed on the supporting units of orthodontic products that have rings and locks. Bracket systems with rounded arcs are fixed to the front incisors. The surgical method involves performing 3 stages:
- Training. Diagnostics, consultation with an anesthetist, modeling of the jaws in a 3D image are performed.
- The operation is carried out.
- Rehabilitation is underway.
During surgery, the jaw bones are dissected and moved to the desired position using screws. At the end, the tires are superimposed.
Retention period
When the bite is corrected, it takes some time to consolidate the effect. This is a retention period. To save the results and protect against the secondary appearance of this defect, doctors use retainers - fixed products that are fixed to the back wall of the dentition.
To fix the effect of treatment obtained with the help of a removable mouth guard. After the formation of the correct bite, the doctor prescribes exercises for the facial muscles. Compliance with the recommendations of specialists allows you to get an excellent effect.
And if not treated?
Is it possible not to take any measures, leaving everything as it is? Do not do this. An incorrect bite not only looks ugly, but also poses a health hazard. Even the initial form of a defect, if it cannot be cured in a timely manner, develops into a severe one, which greatly changes a person’s appearance.
Over time, there is a violation of the temporomandibular joint. It will be difficult for a person to chew. There is abrasion and loss of teeth, disruption of the internal organs, headaches and joint pains, as well as depression.
Prevention
In order to prevent bite defects, it is necessary to carry out preventive measures:
- you should keep breastfeeding the baby longer;
- it is important to periodically check the condition of the teeth at the dentist, as well as at the orthodontist;
- it is necessary to monitor the development of milk teeth in the child;
- need a balanced diet;
- it is required to control the position of the child’s body in a dream;
- bad habits should be excluded, for example, biting off nails, putting a hand under the jaw.
The sooner treatment is started, the more likely it is to fix the problem. It will also prevent complications.
Prices
The cost of treatment may vary depending on the method. The use of trainers, plates and cap costs 3-12 thousand rubles. Installation of braces costs up to 30 thousand rubles. And for the surgical repair of 1 jaw, you will have to pay about 100 thousand rubles. The cost may change if additional services are included in it.
Output
Thus, the mesial bite can be adjusted. The treatment method is selected by the doctor based on the age of the patient. Effective therapy allows you to qualitatively and safely get rid of the defect.