The position of chancellor is known both in Russia and in Europe. In all languages of the world, this word is spelled and pronounced in approximately the same way. Position does not always mean the same thing, although in general the chancellor is the head. In each country, the meaning of this word has its own characteristics. Most often it is associated with Germany and Austria. In these countries, the post of chancellor has the highest rank in the state.
Story
The concept came from the Middle Ages. At that time, the post of chancellor was given to the heads of the copyists' workshops, which had special authority. Over time, in German lands, the head of government began to be called the Federal Chancellor. The position has the same meaning in Austria.
During the empire, the monarch appointed and removed from this post. In Germany, the emperor could also directly influence the legislative process. After 1918, in the Weimar Republic, the post of chancellor became subordinate to parliament, although the decision on his appointment and removal was made by the Reich President. After 1948, the political weight of the head of parliament increased significantly.
In Tsarist Russia, the Chancellor is the highest civilian rank. He was appointed leading officials who were engaged in foreign policy. So called the presidents of the collegiums and foreign ministers.
In the UK, the Treasury secretary is similarly called.
Meaning of the word
Chancellor (this word came from German) in most dictionaries means the highest official or rank. This is a leadership position, the representative of which in different countries is called a little differently:
- in Germany - Reich Chancellor, Federal Chancellor;
- in England, the Lord Chancellor.
Position authority
Since the word is German, then the position refers more to Germany. Therefore, the powers and rights will be described in this particular state. The most famous chancellor of the past is Otto von Bismarck.
The Federal Chancellor is the chairman of the cabinet. He is the only one who can form a government. This means the sole right to select the ministers, as well as put forward proposals for their dismissal and appointment. It determines how many ministers will be in the cabinet, as well as the scope of their activities.
Federal Chancellor of Germany
Federal Chancellors of our time began to be appointed in 1949. They are the most significant figures in the political system of Germany.
List of leaders of the German parliament:
- Conrad Adenauer ;
- Ludwig Erhard ;
- Kurt Kiesinger;
- Willy Brandt;
- Helmut Schmidt ;
- Helmut Kohl ;
- Gerhard Schroeder.
Since 2005, Federal Chancellor of Germany - Angela Merkel. Appointed by the German parliament. The service life is four years. You can dismiss from your post ahead of schedule by holding a vote of no confidence.
Modern leader in Germany
Angela Merkel is the first woman to be chancellor. She is also the leader of the CDU (Christian Democratic Union) party. Representatives of this organization most often became chancellors. Her appointment date is November 22, 2005. She received more than 50% of the vote of the Bundestag deputies. At this moment, she was 51 years old. For most women in Germany, it was a personal victory.
She began her work in the government by reforming the federal system. This included the fight against bureaucracy, research, health care reforms, energy policies, and more. In 2007, Angela Merkel met with the Dalai Lama XIV. It was a real sensation on an international scale. In the same year she was appointed representative of the European Union. Under it, the EU Constitution was adopted. That was her priority during the mission.
From the foregoing, we can conclude that the chancellor is the head of the German government. It determines the political course of the Bundestag, although it can be biased by a majority of votes in case of distrust.