The oil industry of the world is an international industrial industry, which provides for the exploration of oil and gas and oil fields, oil production, associated gas, pipeline transport for minerals. Production, in turn, includes well drilling, field development and other work.
It should be said that the oil industry in Russia is a highly developed industry. This is due to the geographical features of the country. Until 1992, Russia was second in the world in terms of proven reserves after Saudi Arabia. Russia's reserves today amount to about 20.2 billion tons. In 1991, they amounted to about 23.5 billion tons.
However, the Russian oil industry has been developing not so rapidly lately as in previous years. According to experts, reserves are located on the territory of the country with too low a degree of confirmation of projected reserves. They significantly reduce the overall provision of Russia with natural reserves. In addition, a large proportion of deposits with high development and development costs. Of all the reserves held by the Russian oil industry, about 55% are highly productive.
Special attention is paid by specialists to reserves, presumably located in Western Siberia. It is due to them that the main increase in the country's reserves by forty percent is forecasted. However, even in this case, the oil industry will acquire mainly low-productive deposits. The amount that was supposed to be extracted in the region is the margin of profitability for it.
It should be noted that the economic crisis affected not only the fuel and energy sectors of individual countries, but, as a result, the global oil market as a whole.
It should be said that in Russia the recession began to be noted back in 1989. Oil production has declined markedly. The volume of oil produced, even in the richest region - the Tyumen region - fell from 394 million tons to 307 million. The oil industry in the country today is characterized by a noticeable decrease in the growth of highly productive reserves, deterioration in the quality of raw materials and a decrease in the pace of exploration in the fields. At the same time, experts note a decrease in the volume of production drilling, and an increase in the number of idle wells, a widespread transition to mechanized methods of field development against the background of a sharp decrease in the number of flowing wells. Of no small importance are the absence, to some extent, of a significant reserve of large deposits, and the need to involve reserves that are located in hard-to-reach and undeveloped areas.
The first Russian wells were drilled in 1864 in the Kuban. At the same time, one of the wells produced a fountain of more than one hundred and ninety tons of flow rate per day. At that time, oil production was carried out to a greater extent by monopolies, which depended on foreign capital. By the twentieth century, Russia began to occupy a leading position in the world oil industry. At the beginning of the century, oil production already accounted for approximately eleven million tons. During the civil war there was a significant decline. Later, by the thirties, oil production increased again to 11.6 million tons.
In the first years of the formation of Soviet power, the main deposits were located in the regions of the North Caucasus (Maykop, Grozny). However, it should be said that the war caused significant damage to these territories, which, in turn, significantly reduced the volume of production. In the post-war period, along with the restoration of the North Caucasian deposits, large basins of the Volga-Ural region were introduced into development. By 1960, the percentage of production in these territories had risen to seventy-one.