YaMZ-240 is a 12-cylinder powerful engine with a reliable design and high-quality technical characteristics, used on special equipment that requires high-power engines to operate.
Powerful diesel
The YaMZ-240 diesel engine, the technical characteristics of which allow the motor to be used efficiently in heavy equipment, has been producing the Yaroslavl Motor Plant since 1962. The diesel engine is part of the first generation of power units developed by the enterprise and put into serial production. In addition to the 12-cylinder YaMZ-240, this line was made up of the 6-cylinder YaMZ-236 and the 8-cylinder YaMZ-238. All of these power units have a V-shaped design, a good set of technical and economic indicators, wide unification.
Thanks to the achieved unification, it was possible to reduce production costs, which not only allowed to increase the number of manufactured motors, but also to reduce further operating costs and increase maintainability. These qualities contributed to the widespread use of the new power unit.
Application of YaMZ-240
Strong 12-cylinder engines, the power of which, depending on the modification, ranges from 300 to 600 horsepower, were designed to equip various equipment, requiring not only great power, but also high reliability. These factors are connected with the fact that almost always such vehicles or industrial equipment had to work in difficult conditions. Therefore, the technical characteristics originally laid down for the YaMZ-240 made it possible to establish and confidently operate the following equipment with the indicated power units:
- BelAZ mining dump trucks of various carrying capacities;
- TIR diesel locomotives;
- Kirovets tractor;
- special tracked tractors;
- multi-axle chassis for various purposes;
- mine dump trucks MoAZ.
The effective operation of this equipment is facilitated not only by the technical characteristics of the YaMZ-240 engine, but also by the gearboxes and clutches that are often installed together with it and are produced at the Yaroslavl plant and specially designed for these engines.
Purpose and technical parameters of YaMZ-240 NM2
One of the most common modifications currently produced is the YaMZ-240 engine under the index NM2. It has three configuration options and is installed on BelAZ dump trucks with a carrying capacity of 40 to 45 tons, as well as on special equipment made on the basis of these cars. This application is provided by the following technical characteristics of YaMZ-240 NM2:
- type - diesel;
- execution option - four-stroke, turbocharged;
- cooling - liquid;
- number of cylinders - 12 pcs .;
- location - V-shaped;
- camber angle - 75 degrees;
- working volume - 22.3 l;
- power - 500.0 l. from.;
- rated speed - 2100 rpm;
- compression ratio - 15.22;
- cylinder diameter / piston stroke - 13/14 (cm);
- the number of valves per cylinder - 2 pcs .;
- specific fuel consumption - 208.0 g / kW. h;
- mixture formation - direct injection;
- weight - 1.79 tons;
- dimensions (m);
- length - 1.76;
- width - 1.10;
- height - 1.19;
- resource - 8000 hours
Diesel device
A simple design provides the YaMZ-240 with the technical characteristics of the required parameters and reliable operation. The main elements of the power unit are:
- cylinder block;
- crankshaft;
- cylinder block pan;
- Cylinder head with sleeves;
- radial turbocharger;
- flywheel;
- pistons, connecting rods;
- camshaft;
- pushers, valves;
- gas pipeline;
- rotation regulator;
- air filter;
- oil filter;
- coarse and fine fuel filters;
- oil pump;
- High pressure fuel pump with drive;
- fuel feed pump;
- fuel pipelines;
- water pump;
- cooling system pipelines;
- starter;
- generator.
For reliable long-term operation, as well as maintaining the established technical characteristics of the YaMZ-240, it is necessary to perform the maintenance established by the manufacturer. For this motor, such a frequency is set:
- TO-1 - every 500 hours of operation;
- TO-2 - every 1000 hours.
In addition, daily care and seasonal maintenance are required, the order of which is determined by the YaMZ-240 operation manual.
Possible diesel malfunctions
Despite the fact that the engine, by modern standards, has a fairly simple design, a long production period, which made it possible to work out the production technology, as with another complex mechanism, certain malfunctions may occur during its operation. The most common of them, based on the experience of operating these power units, should include:
- breakdown of fuel equipment in connection with the use of low-quality fuel or not corresponding to the season of operation, as well as untimely replacement of fuel filters;
- early wear of the connecting rod and piston group due to the use of inappropriate lubricants;
- the occurrence of an extraneous knock due to a violation of the adjustment of the valves;
- decrease in power upon clogging of the exhaust tract and / or air filter.
The powerful YaMZ-240 ICE, whose technical characteristics and proven design are still effective when used on special equipment that requires high power and high reliability, is widely used now.