Lithium-ion batteries are currently the most popular type of batteries used in various types of equipment: laptops, mobile phones, tablets and other equipment. This source of energy has received such recognition due to the fact that it does not need to be serviced, and its energy density is very high.
Lithium-ion batteries have three generations of development. Initially, lithium was used as negative plates, but because of this, they were susceptible to explosive effect. This was due to their repeated use. Formations appeared on the anodes, leading to the closure of the electrodes, which caused ignition or explosions. They tried to solve this problem using coal tar coke. This is how second-generation lithium-ion batteries appeared. And it was possible to finally solve the problem by replacing the material from which the anode is made with graphite.
Lithium-ion batteries are used in conjunction with the control and monitoring system included with any battery of this type. This system guarantees the maximum lifespan of this element, limiting the charge current at the level of 95% from above, and the discharge by 15-20%. It is worth saying that in the case when the
battery is fully
discharged , it will lose the ability to charge again when connected to the mains. The problem can be solved by applying a pulse with a
higher voltage, but this can have a very strong effect on the characteristics of the battery itself. It turns out that the previously mentioned system is designed to prevent overcharging and overheating associated with an intense charge.
Rechargeable batteries of this type have the following characteristics. Their operating voltage is 3.5-3.7 V. The temperature at which they can work varies between -20 - +60 degrees Celsius. At the moment, there are batteries that can operate at much lower temperatures. This type of battery in the first month has 4-6% self-discharge, which subsequently decreases significantly. For a year, a laptop battery loses up to 10-20% of its capacity. The battery life is in the range of 500-1000 cycles.
Lithium ion battery storage
The most optimal conditions for storing a battery of this type can be called a charge at the level of 40-75% of capacity, and the ambient temperature should be 5 degrees Celsius. Self-discharge is significantly reduced precisely when stored in a cool place. Storage batteries can be 24-60 months.
A distinctive feature of this type of energy source is that under the influence of a charge it reduces capacity. That is, the stronger the battery is charged, the shorter its life becomes. However, this drawback does not prevent the widespread use of this particular type of battery, which is fully justified by their positive characteristics. Today it is difficult to find a sphere where lithium-ion batteries are not found worthy of application.