What is conversion? This, in other words, a change in the layout of the apartment, which affects not only furniture, but also a change in utility networks. In the article we will consider all the nuances of this process, as well as the difference from the usual redevelopment in more detail.
Small introduction
It is not uncommon for the owner of an apartment to be dissatisfied with the initial layout. Therefore, there is a desire to remake everything in a way that pleases. However, any cardinal permutations must be coordinated with special services.
When you want to change your home, an option comes to mind not only to change the arrangement of furniture, but also to rearrange the bathroom or gas stove. What is needed to fulfill your desires?
Differences between redevelopment and conversion
If you want to rearrange furniture, make repairs, change equipment to similar, then you do not need to get permission for this. Everything else must be agreed and entered in the technical passport of the apartment.
Regardless of whether the conversion and / or redevelopment of the dwelling is carried out , the person must have the rights of the owner. If the tenant lives in an apartment under a social contract of employment, then you need to get permission from the landlord. Moreover, you must have written consent from the family. However, depending on whether the owner or the employer is applying, different levels of change are allowed. The first can reduce the area of the living space at the expense of non-residential, and the second - no.
It remains to understand what redevelopment and reorganization are. The first process is a change in the configuration of the apartment. All amendments must be made to the passport. They are also made on the basis of a sketch and a project.
The sketch can be used if a person wants to replace or install additional equipment, install new partitions that will not increase the load on the ceiling, dismantle existing partitions, except for interroom ones, install doors or windows in them.
The project made more significant changes. It involves the creation of stairs and openings, the installation of partitions that will affect the load-bearing walls, changing the floor, the installation of openings in the bearing walls and interroom.
A sketch can be drawn on a BTI plan. Partitions on them are indicated by a red and green tint. The first mark is those partitions that are demolished, the second - which are being built. If the work requires approval of the project, then you need to contact a licensed bureau.
Reconstruction is the process of transferring, installing, or replacing engineering, electrical, and sanitary networks. Under article 25 of the Housing Code of Russia, a tenant can install an electric stove instead of a gas one, replace engineering equipment that provides energy or water, or install conductive networks, reinstall heating, plumbing and gas appliances, rebuild the toilet, bathroom, and kitchen.
Also, the removal of conductive networks can be attributed to the conversion process, however, existing risers of the water supply must be maintained. First you need to make a sketch.
Therefore, the main difference must be emphasized. Conversion is the process of changing engineering, technical, or electrical equipment. Re-planning - a change of layout, that is, the destruction of walls, the union of rooms and so on.
What can not be done?
The legislation provides for some changes that are not allowed. Consider the main ones.
During the reconstruction and redevelopment, it is impossible to create openings, punch holes in pylon walls, columns, create grooves in the seams of wall panels to hide the piping and electrical wiring, remove ventilation ducts, and impede access to utilities.
In other words, any process should not worsen living conditions, reduce the strength of the structure. Otherwise, the house may collapse.
Official registration
It is imperative to coordinate the conversion and redevelopment. Both procedures must be completed. It should be noted a positive nuance: even if the apartment is secured by a mortgage, you can still make any changes.
Before making a reorganization or redevelopment, absolutely all planned actions should be agreed upon. At the end of the paperwork, the owner will be issued an acceptance certificate. In the end, special bodies will issue new technical documents, which will make all changes.
The difference between redevelopment and conversion is that the second process does not need to be agreed upon in advance. All changes must be recorded immediately after their implementation. The official appeal must be fixed as soon as possible, otherwise you can get a fine.
The procedure for contacting the special services
Any work for which permission is not obtained will be declared illegal. Only the owner can apply to the special services with a statement. Tenants and tenants can only do this if they have written permission from the owner.
At the very beginning of the work you need to get a plan of living space. It is included in the technical passport. With these documents you can go to the design office, which will draw up a work plan. If you have skills, you can sketch it yourself.
When applying to the state body for approval of the reconstruction of a dwelling, the created project should be attached to the application. The instance will review everything and issue a decision. If it is negative, then you can go to court.
In case of approval of all changes, the owner receives all rights to conduct work. They are considered completed when a special act is drawn up. It must be signed by the construction department and representatives of the housing inspectorate. After its registration on its basis a new technical passport of the apartment will be issued.
Submission of documents
To coordinate the conversion, you need to collect a package of documents. It is on their basis that a decision will be made. A statement should be written. The sample is issued by the appropriate authority. Documents are attached that confirm ownership of the apartment, a sketch or draft changes, technical passport, consent from all family members, the conclusion of the body that is responsible for historical monuments.
The legislation of the Russian Federation states that the body does not have the right to request other documents.
Filing an application
The application is considered within 45 days from the date of its submission. However, before doing this, it is best to contact the registration authority before collecting all the documents. The fact is that for minor changes it is not necessary to collect the full package. Enough written consent of the tenants of the apartment. Such changes include, for example, the elimination of the built-in cabinet or, conversely, its installation.
It should be noted that if the reconstruction of a residential building was carried out without prior permission, then it must be registered through a court. If you do this in the opposite order, you can avoid the consequences.
When filing a claim, it is necessary to provide the data and address of the person who is writing the application, the legal address of the authorities responsible for the premises, a description of the application for the preservation of the apartment with the amendments already in place. You need to attach a package of documents to the claim, put a signature and indicate the date.
It is necessary to provide documents confirming the right to property, a conclusion that the sanitary conditions, fire safety and the condition of the supporting structures are in full order. You should also attach the passport of the apartment.
New change conditions
Previously, it was possible to redevelop and reorganize the premises according to the drawn up sketch or the project. However, the bill was amended. Now you need to make a project. New changes include the approval of a permit or notification order. What does it mean?
If the sketches have passed the permitting procedure, then you must first get a documented "good", only then do some work. The notification procedure envisages carrying out processes without maintaining a work log and examining hidden changes.
Reconciliation and Results
Responsibility for improper work will be assigned in case of damage to the apartment, use of the premises for other purposes, inconsistent redevelopment.
In case of violations, the authorities will demand that the premises be returned to their original form, otherwise the apartment will be sold at auction.
The consequences of an inconsistent procedure for reorganization include court proceedings, as well as other consequences of a similar nature, problem sale of housing. In addition, special authorities can recognize the premises as non-residential.
Conversion Rules
If we are talking about remodeling the house, then you need to understand that it is forbidden to place a restroom, bathroom or kitchen over the living rooms. In apartments that have two levels, it is only allowed to install a bathroom over the kitchen. These data must be used in the complete reconstruction and redevelopment of premises.
If the apartment has two or more rooms, then you need to make the bedrooms impassable. If the project has individual rooms in the middle of the apartment, then it will be rejected.
As for the reconstruction of the bathroom, there are also certain rules. If you want to change its position, then it is necessary to carry out a ventilation system, hydro-, vibration-, noise insulation. In some situations, it is also necessary to strengthen the overlap. Pipes are not allowed to be installed on the walls between walls and walls, in order to avoid excessive noise. It is necessary to provide constant access to equipment, fittings and devices so that repairs and maintenance can be carried out.
A fireplace is allowed to be installed if the apartment is on the top floor. If it is multi-level, then - it can be designed at the last level.
Before warming the balcony, it is necessary to provide thermal insulation, to protect the structure from the penetration of cold air. When the thermotechnical calculation is made, it is necessary to take the temperature of the internal air - +20 degrees. The design must be correctly created in order to avoid the appearance of excess moisture in the room.
All ventilation systems, as well as other engineering types, must comply with sanitary and epidemiological standards. The first and main rule when conducting a ventilation system: air should not flow from one apartment to another. Do not combine the ventilation compartment for the kitchen and sanitary facilities. It should be understood that it must ensure clean air in living rooms.
Ventilation can have a natural inflow and elimination of air, a mechanical induction of the inflow that air heating must receive. The third type of ventilation is combined. It should be borne in mind that, when it comes to living quarters and a kitchen, ventilation is often enough in the form of windows, transoms, window leaves, valves, and so on. If the apartment is located in the third or fourth climatic region, then it is necessary to additionally establish a through or angular ventilation. If harmful substances are released in some rooms, the ventilation should discharge air outside, and not to other rooms.
Another important issue is lighting. If the reconstruction of non-residential premises is carried out, then this nuance is not standardized. Other rooms should provide natural light. You need to pay attention to the side of the world, which faces the windows of the room. With a lack of lighting, artificial sources must be used. The same applies to the kitchen.
Summary
The article indicates the difference from redevelopment and conversion. This will help determine during the repair which process is planned. The collected package of documents, the cost of submitting an application and creating a project depend on this. In no case should you ignore the rules of the law: it is imperative that you formalize the changes, as well as coordinate them with the special authorities before committing them.
The conversion of houses and apartments differs in complexity. If a person lives in a multi-story building, then certain restrictions may be imposed related to the operation of the general water supply system and so on. When it comes to remodeling your own home, everything is much simpler here. No need to go to special bodies, draw up acts, write statements.
Slightly significant changes will not have to be constantly recorded, kept records. It is enough to get permission, and then to register already upon the completion of work. If you do not do this, you will have to pay a fine of up to 2500 rubles, and after that the court will oblige either to return everything to its previous state or to amend the technical passport.
Separately, it should be clarified about the multi-level apartments. Here, special authorities allow a wider range of work than for ordinary residential premises. More details can be found in this article.
Of the brief rules on the reconstruction of apartments, it must be emphasized that everything must be carried out officially with prior permission. Before writing a statement, you need to draw up a project. You do not have to do it yourself, you can contact a special company. For a small amount, they will take all measurements, inspect the living space and help with the changes. Some companies offer not only to create a project, but also to carry it out.