Railroad lanes are sections provided by the Government from a special fund. They are allocated for laying railway tracks and utilities, the construction of artificial structures, industrial and office buildings, the installation of devices, stationary sites. From these signs, it becomes clear in whose ownership the railway allotment strip is in the federal one. Let us consider in more detail the features of these sites.
Main elements
Within the considered areas are located:
- Protective afforestation .
- Subgrade with drainage, artificial structures.
- Snow protection fences.
- Walling. They serve to prevent animals and people from entering the rail.
- Enclosing devices and structures in areas of high-speed movement of trains.
- Track and other buildings, power supply and communication lines, other railway structures and installations.
ROW boundaries are indicated by special characters. They are installed on the outer perimeter on:
- Turning areas.
- Straight sections of the path no further than 250 m from each other, on curves - with a radius of 600 m and more - through 1/10 of the radius, less than 600 - after 50 m.
The start and end points of the curve segments of the boundaries are fixed by boundary signs.
Order of use
The basic rules for working in areas allocated for laying railway tracks and the construction of facilities serving it are established by the Federal Law "On Rail Transport in the Russian Federation". The regulatory act provides for prohibitions on:
- Placement of capital structures, perennial green spaces and other facilities that could impair visibility and create a threat to the safety of trains.
- Construction and placement of buildings, agricultural activities at the locations of the sewer and water supply networks, water intake facilities, and other engineering communications.
The Federal Law "On Rail Transport in the Russian Federation " prescribes:
- Prevent the growth of weeds and tree and shrub plantings in the areas adjacent to the agricultural land. The accumulation of chopping residues, deadwood, dead wood, and petroleum products is also prohibited.
- Separate the railway right-of-way from the forest edge with a fire ring. Its width should be 3-5 m. The compartment can be carried out with a mineralized strip. Its width should be at least 3 m.
Special rules
Placement of power lines, engineering communications, oil and gas pipelines, communication lines and other linear facilities within the railway right of way is permitted by agreement with the owner of the railway infrastructure. On contractual terms, outdoor advertising is allowed on permanent fences, slopes of recesses, buildings and other structures. Mounted structures must comply with legal requirements, not pose a threat to the safety of operation and movement of trains.
Rail Roads: Standards
Care of the condition of the plots and supervision is assigned to the foremen of the track, railway masters and other responsible persons. How many meters is the railway right of way ? The width of the plot is determined depending on:
- Configurations (cross section) of the canvas.
- Dimensions of artificial structures.
- The terrain.
- The presence of special natural conditions (areas located in a swampy area, on a weak base, with flooding, on landslides, in the zone of formation of ravines, in permafrost, and so on).
- The need to create a security zone , protective structures against sand / snow drifts.
- The population of the area.
So, the width of the railway right of way (in meters) for an embankment 1 m high with a transverse slope to:
- 1:25 - 24;
- 1:10 - 21;
- 1: 5 - 23.
The specified parameters apply to the canvas 1, 2, 3 design categories.
Additional factors
When designing new railway structures, including linear facilities, strengthening existing roads, industrial buildings, settlements, etc., in the territories of agricultural activity, the following are taken into account:
- The cost of land.
- Tax rate.
When deciding on the allocation of land for rail transport, it is necessary to ensure the maximum economy of farmland. Placing railway infrastructure on particularly valuable sections is allowed in exceptional cases. Such territories include drained and irrigated areas, arable lands, allotments occupied by perennial fruit plants and vineyards, etc. In exceptional cases, railroad tracks can be laid in specially protected areas of cultural, historical, recreational, and recreational importance.
Area selection rules
The railway right of way should be located on non-agricultural land or unsuitable for agricultural activities. It is allowed to place railway infrastructure on the worst quality lands, having them in mind even when special engineering measures are required for their development. Objects should be constructed mainly in areas not covered by forest. It can be cuttings, glades, horseradish, burning. It is allowed to use areas occupied by low-value crops and shrubs. Power lines, communication lines, other communications that go beyond the limits of the strip are located along roads, the boundaries of crop rotation areas.
Project Justification
The choice of sites for the construction and operation of railway transport facilities, the installation of security zones should be confirmed by thorough technical and economic calculations proving the feasibility of using the territory. At the same time, various options for their possible placement should be considered, taking into account the rational use of the terrain. The following are taken into account:
- The amount of payment for the acquisition of land.
- The amount of tax.
- Compensation for agricultural losses associated with the withdrawal of territories.
- The costs of a minimum amount of environmental protection measures.
Temporary use
Land plots are allocated to institutions and enterprises of railway transport on a rental basis. Organizations for temporary use are provided with allotments necessary:
- For the period of construction of new roads.
- To strengthen and rebuild the operating infrastructure for the placement of construction sites, link assembly and mechanized bases, low-power quarries, warehouses for building materials, access roads, technical structures, various facilities defined by the project.
Agricultural land, forest land plots allocated for temporary use, at the end of the lease term are brought into a condition suitable for their intended use.
Canvas on the hauls
The width of the sections allocated for laying the canvas is determined on the basis of the design rules enshrined in the regulatory document "Railway track 1520 mm". If you compare the photos of the railways, you can see that the embankments are built from different materials. For example, clayey, weathered rocky, coarse-grained soils with clay additives, silty, non-draining, fine sands are, for example. If draining sands, weakly weathered and coarse soils (with sand aggregate) are used in the construction of the embankment, the width of the site can be reduced by 1 m.
Nuances
As can be seen from the photo of the railways , the width of the section along which the canvas passes varies. So, when placing railways 1 and 2 cat. in non-agricultural areas or in areas that are not suitable for agricultural activities, it is allowed to set a width greater than the standard by 4 m. This is necessary for the device to subsequently additional (second) track. When placing railways 1 and 2 cat. in the territory of agricultural purpose or on the areas of the RF forest fund, the additional width of the plots is allocated to the protection zone. Within its limits, the construction of capital facilities and the planting of perennial crops is prohibited. The width of the sections is immediately set for 2 tracks for railways 1 and 2 cat.
Design Features
The width of the sections allocated for the right of way is determined in the project if the depth of the notches and the height of the embankments are greater than the standard ones, and the web configuration has differences from the transverse (typical) profiles. A similar rule applies when the relief is mountainous or hilly, soils are weak and occur at the base of the embankment, as well as under other special conditions. The width of the sections allocated for the location of the canvas on the hauls is determined in the documentation when designing on the ground:
- Where the depth of the excavation and the height of the embankment is more than 12 m.
- With a steepness of slopes that differs from typical parameters.
- When the embankment is located on the slope, it is steeper than 1: 5 and the excavation on the slope is steeper than 1: 3. If the latter are located on landslide and unstable slopes, the width of the plot is determined regardless of the steepness.
- When crossing flooded / flooded embankments, filtering including river floodplains, deep ravines, shallow lakes.
- When the embankment is located on a weak base, as well as its construction with a reserve for sediment.
- When the device is excavated, the depth of which is more than 2 m, in clay soil, dusty and fine sand, rapidly eroding rocky soils.
- When the embankment is located in a swampy area, on a wet base with key outlets.
- When the canvas is located in areas with the development (including possible) of scree, landslides, avalanches, karst cavities, mudflows, stone placers, abysses, ravines.
- When the device is excavated in waterlogged soil and revealing the aquifer.
- When developing a notch and erecting an embankment by hydromechanization.
- When the device is installed on permafrost, in seismic terrain, in the area where moving sands are common.
- In the development of a notch by explosive bursts.
- When the device is in arrays with strata of sedimentary rocks or individual layers of igneous rocks with a slope in the direction of the path more than 1: 3.
The width of the strip can be determined using a computer program that takes into account the configuration of the canvas, features of the relief and environmental conditions, as well as economic factors.
The procedure for determining the parameters in the project
The width of the sections that are allocated for the location of the canvas on the hauls is set taking into account a number of conditions and rules. In particular:
- If it is necessary to lay reserves for the construction of embankments, then they should be located on the upland side. These measures, as well as dumping of cavaliers during development, are allowed only in non-agricultural areas or areas unsuitable for agricultural activities.
- When arranging high embankments, on the ground with a small transverse slope (up to 1:10), the arrangement of reserves on both sides is allowed. Their depth and width are designed in accordance with the requirements for soil volumes for construction and drainage.
Pointers
Regulatory acts provide for various road signs. All of them can be combined into 2 groups: main and special. The first include:
- Kilometer pillars.
- Bias indicators.
- Picket posts.
Special signs are signs:
- ROW borders.
- Limit water horizon and wave height.
- The axles of the passenger structure.
- On linear buildings.
- Hidden structures of the canvas.
- Arrow number.
- Benchmarks.
Railways for general use
The legislation imposes special requirements on these objects. In particular, the design and condition of units and structures located on such tracks must comply with SNiP and ensure the passage of trains with an allowable load, locomotives used to service the infrastructure. Each non-public railway should have a data sheet, a plan, a longitudinal profile and drawings of objects. The adjoining of the restored, under construction or new constructions is made according to the rules established by the Government. The procedure was approved by Decree No. 233. According to the Rules, for adjoining reconstructed, under construction or restored railway tracks to existing public roads, it is necessary to obtain a permit. For this, the owner of the object turns to Roszheldor. This structure is authorized to make decisions on issues related to the field of railway construction and operation of railway facilities, on the basis of powers established by regulatory acts of the Russian Federation.