Dagestan has 72 nationalities. Representatives of each of them have their own national costume, which has developed historically. Today, there are cases when skillfully crafted national furniture is put on by elders at special occasions. They are even worn by officials.
The national costume of Dagestan, due to its beauty and historical significance, is appreciated by both older and young people. They are carefully stored and inherited from generation to generation.
Costume story
The national costume of Dagestan was polished for many centuries, all elements were coordinated, everything superfluous was cut off, only the most accessible, understandable and dear to people who put their concept of beauty in the decoration was preserved.
In the 19th century, shirts similar to tunics were a favorite and common form of clothing among women. For girls, they also served as a dress that hides the structure of the figure and gives the effect of monumentality. At the same time, elegant decorations in a cut did not differ from everyday ones. The purpose of the costumes was expressed using the color and texture of the fabric.
In the XIX-XX centuries, women from wealthy families also wore detachable dresses, many photos of the national costume of Dagestan are proof of this. They were sewn from expensive fabrics and put on for a solemn occasion. Only a well-to-do woman could afford such decoration, since the consumption of fabric for its manufacture is considerable.
In addition, in the XIX century, beshmet became widespread - outerwear, similar to a caftan with a standing collar, which gradually gained popularity and love among the inhabitants of Dagestan. Later, fitted fitted beshmets became a replacement for a dress-shirt. The waist line served as the main reference line, and the silhouette was distinguished by folds and assemblies located below the waist. There were shortened and quilted lined beshmets
The value of the details
The national costumes of the peoples of Dagestan were so diverse that according to the individual details of the clothes they determined which nationality a person belongs to. Also, the decoration could tell about the status, age and financial situation of its owner. But to a greater extent this applies to women's outfits, since men's were more restrained and monotonous. They only differed in some details and patterns.
Although each nation of Dagestan had its own traditions, language and features in the decoration, however, they were also united by many basic things: a chukht, scarf, shirt in the form of a tunic, and also beshmet. And if there are questions related to how to draw the national costume of Dagestan or display it in the photo, then all these garments should be in the picture. At the same time, special attention should be paid to embroidery and ornaments, which were of great importance in women's dresses. Patterns (birds, animals, trees) often had sacred meaning, protecting their owners. The decoration for the celebrations was decorated with embroidery of silver, gold and precious stones. Jewelry in the form of bracelets, rings and metal belts occupied a special place in women's dresses.
What color says
The coloring of the national Dagestan costumes also has its own symbolism. Although the decorations seem too bright, the dominant colors are white, red and black. Often white color can be seen on festive and wedding dresses. Red symbolized prosperity and prosperity, and black spoke of mysticism and personified the protection of ancestors. Older women most often chose clothes in dark colors, young unmarried girls preferred bright elements of red, orange, blue or green.
Men's suit
Costumes of Dagestan men are similar to each other and practically do not differ from men's costumes of other peoples of the Caucasus. The national decoration consists of a shirt, trousers that are sewn of dense gray or black fabric, and Circassian (a long narrow caftan pulled over the waist without a collar with a wedge-shaped neckline). Outerwear of a similar plan can be of different lengths, and the sleeves are extended downward. On the Circassian belt, before men carried a pistol or dagger.
The men's national costume of Dagestan has an important distinguishing feature - a hat, which is a symbol of dignity and honor. To knock down this tall fur hat from the head of a Caucasian man was to insult him, but a gift to the Dagestan in the form of a hat was a symbol of respect and friendship.
Men from ordinary people wore sheepskin hats, but representatives of the nobility preferred karakul hats. When thinking about how to draw the national costume of the peoples of Dagestan, one should not forget about such details, because for them such things were of great importance. From shoes, men preferred soft morocco boots called ichigi, they consisted of two elements.
Woman suit
The national costume of Dagestan for women has various variations of performance. The decorations are distinguished by a variety of colors, finishes, cuts and decorations. Women's clothing much more than men's clothing has retained its identity and reflects ethnic characteristics, customs and mores. The national costume of Dagestan, the figure of which is presented above, is true proof of this.
Dagestan women's clothing is diverse in terms of materials used, color, shape, decor and artistic composition. These characteristics may indicate the social status of the owner, age and well-being.
Traditional hats
Historically, the headdress is an integral attribute of the national costume of Dagestan women. A variety of shapes and vibrant decorations make it one of the most interesting elements of decoration, which indicates ethnicity and its aul. A variety of hats of goryanka was noted by many travelers, writers and scientists. They can be divided into three large groups:
- Chukhta is a narrow long hat made of black matter. Sometimes it was decorated with coins or fringe. Only married women had the right to don a chukha. They braided their braids and put them in a special bag - a hairline, which was located at the bottom of the headgear and descended on its back.
- The shawl was traditionally preserved among older women, young girls chose shawls. Old women folded shawls into a triangle, wrapped one end around the neck and tied the other under the chin. The color of this headgear was also chosen according to age.
- The turban is a piece of long matter that is intricately wrapped around the head; initially it was worn only by men.
Footwear
Dagestan shoes are distinguished by a wide variety of styles and materials used for manufacturing. It was sewn from leather, felt or wool. A huge variety of knitted and felt shoes. Leather products have fewer characteristics and features. This was due to the fact that only men worked with the skin, who were more associated with the outside world and, accordingly, they were subject to significant cultural influence from the outside.
Combined shoes were widely used. Women preferred leather shoes with inserts of felt, velvet, cloth or brocade. The inserts were woven with gold and all kinds of traditional patterns were embroidered on them with silk threads.
Nagorno-Dagestan
Residents of Nagorno-Dagestan - avars, shorts, darginki - wore long dress-shirts with a wide cut. A sash belt was put on top, young girls chose brighter colors for him, but married women wore belts of more restrained colors.
Peculiar dresses on the sides of the woman were tucked into pants sewn from satin, chintz or calico. The dresses were almost doubled and reached the knees. In addition, they wore a special hat - a chukhta. She lay tight on her forehead and fell down behind. A special coverlet was put on. As for shoes, the girls of Nagorno-Dagestan wore leather shoes with knitted inserts and curved noses. It was not only beautiful, but also practical. These shoes were worn for a long time and did not stray on stones.
South Dagestan
The national costume of Dagestan representatives of the Lezghian nationality was distinguished by brightness and high cost. The main feature of the decoration was layering. Girls wore silk straight dresses, oversized dresses-valchagas were worn over them.
Another distinctive characteristic of the outfits was the abundance of jewelry. The clothes were decorated with silver and gold coins, precious stones and embroidery. In the choice of colors, priority was given to red, yellow, purple and green colors. The head was covered with lace scarves.
Kumichki, Chechen women and nogay
Chechen women and kumychiks considered traditional swing dresses with wide long skirts. They were adorned with elaborate belts and double clasps. Of the hats, the girls preferred lace scarves.
Nogai costumes were very much like Central Asian clothes. The decoration was distinguished by the presence of large ornaments and silver jewelry. Women preferred quilted beshmet caftans. Young girls wore beautiful skullcaps on their heads, while older women wore shawls.
The national costume of Dagestan is a vivid manifestation of the culture of this people. Regardless of the differences that are associated with the history of various ethnic groups, but nevertheless, in the artistic plan, all the outfits have the same characteristic features. The origin of this clothing is rooted in the past, when its purpose was to abstract its owner from its own individual beginning. Clothing primarily demonstrated a person’s involvement in a particular team or life situation in which he found himself.