There are certain cultural ideas or concepts that are specific material or spiritual objects imprinted in the minds of people. In another way, this concept can be called "precedent phenomena." They, as a rule, are colored by some vivid emotions, reveal the specifics of the ethnic group, language.
Precedent phenomena - is it?
The existence of a definition is possible in the minds of people, as well as in speech.
In general, the word "precedent" refers to a situation that has already occurred, and now serves as an example or prototype for such cases. In the general concept, a precedent phenomenon is an actual subject, on the basis of which already similar ones bear the same name, have similar characteristics.
The definition received special attention, since it had a massive, intercultural character. An example of a precedent phenomenon is the well-known phrase from Vysotsky’s song “And in response to silence,” today it is used as an answer in situations where a person explained a lot, said, but no one reacted to it.
Established definition
Precedence is a concept that is very often used in the works of researchers from many fields, in particular, from linguistics, linguistics. The most stable definition was given by Yuri Nikolaevich Karaulov, whose work made a great contribution to the theory of communication.
A precedent phenomenon is a case that is of particular importance to a person or group of people due to emerging emotions. It also has a transpersonal character, because the definition of a phrase is not known to only one person, but to a whole nation, ethnic group, predecessors and contemporaries. Moreover, a person can repeatedly use this concept in his speech.
Varieties
All kinds of precedent phenomena are the result of verbal or non-verbal communication.
Verbal phenomena are a set of certain texts that are used in the literature. Nonverbal are understood as painting, sculpture, architecture, music. In any case, the author tried to convey something in this way, after a while it acquired a precedent character and was already used by many other authors as an example.
Victoria Vladimirovna Krasnykh and Dmitry Borisovich Gudkov disseminated the doctrine of phenomena, assuming in their works that each object has its own characteristics, ratings, attributes.
For example, the hero of Goncharov’s novel is Oblomov, whose image to this day serves as an example, a typical character that is always in literature. Its characteristics include laziness, indifference, the attributes will be your favorite sofa, bathrobe. Evaluate it mostly condescendingly, but the character causes internal disgust. There are many such prototypes in the literature; other heroes are constructed against the background of their signs.
Functions and Tasks
The functions of precedent phenomena are based on one of the most significant - the exchange of information. They can have both emotional coloring and intellectual overtones.
It is important during the implementation of this function not only to appropriately perceive the whole set of information, but also to explain it to the recipient appropriately so that he understands it exactly like the sender. It is also necessary that both the addressee and the addressee are able to process the information, draw from them certain conclusions that do not go apart from all existing ones. This means that communication should not consist of an unstructured set of sounds, meaningless phrases and inadequate conclusions in the end.
All used precedent phenomena in the media, in everyday life, at work should be understandable to every person. Thus, the individual cannot invent a precedent, express it and think that everyone should understand his phrase. In this matter, time plays an important role, which is necessary for the spread of the concept to all spheres of life of a particular ethnic group.
Levels and Shapes
There are three types of case phenomena that are generally accepted in many sciences:
- Social precedent - each representative of a society has an idea of a particular phenomenon, because he penetrated into this area and firmly isolated there. This kind does not depend on the identity of the culture. For example, the world-famous text of the Bible will exist in the Christian society of each country.
- National case law - here the phenomena already cover a wider community of people. They can be Russian national, American and others. Say, an already expressed example of Oblomov’s character, which symbolizes something for the literary space of Russian-speaking people.
- Universal precedent - phenomena that have universal application, they are known to every representative of any culture, which is a versatile person. For example, the discovery of America by Columbus or statements like "To be or not to be?". This is a wide group of phenomena, because it affects a huge scale. At the same time, there are few such well-known objects, phrases, situations in comparison with the previous options.
Types of Phenomena
The phenomenon also has its own forms of being. They mainly distinguish among them texts, statements, situations, names.
Text is the most difficult unit to understand, as it contains many characters and signs. It is the result of a long mental and oral speech, complete and structured. The text penetrates the sphere of being, when a person displays this entire set of characters, and then applies them in his works or just in speech. Its use is limited to a certain area, because many people are far from such sources of precedent phenomena.
A statement can appear on its own, it does not need to be sought and conceptualized. As a rule, such a person hears in films, in memorized poems.
A situation is a pre-existing event that entered the cognitive sphere due to the presence of some significant signs and characteristics.
The name arises from the study of texts, history, politics. It combines the characteristic qualities of a personality, its pros and cons. For example, Bazarov is the hero of the novel Fathers and Sons, which is associated with complete nihilism. People with similar views can be called so, since this surname is well-known to certain individuals.
Symbol
A symbol or sign of a specific precedent phenomenon is some significant meaning, which can be verbal or non-verbal, it serves as an indicator of a situation, name or text.
For example, complete chaos in a house is a phenomenon that returns a person to a situation when Mamai came to Russia and destroyed everything.
The role of the precedent phenomenon and its corresponding symbols is very important for linguistics, linguistics, the theory of intercultural communication and many other sciences, because they form the mentality of a person belonging to a certain culture.