In the context of the social spheres of life of any state, some types of politics can be distinguished. Among them are the following:
- economic policy, which implies relations among business entities within the economy;
- social - regulates relations between subjects (citizens, social groups) on the issue of their location in society;
- national, regulating relations among nations and national groups;
- cultural, which is responsible for the relations between subjects in spiritual life;
- state administrative, responsible for the regulation of relations among subjects of the political sphere.
There is a slightly different classification of policies - by level of implementation:
- local, with the help of which local issues are regulated;
- regional, responsible for the regulation of issues related to the development of the region;
- nationwide, regulating the development of society as a whole;
- international and world - the types of policies that operate in relations both at the level of state interaction, and in solving more global contemporary problems.
For a more complete characterization of this concept from the standpoint of state activity, it is necessary to consider categories such as domestic and foreign policy.
So, foreign policy is a state activity that regulates international relations between subjects of the international arena (other states, world-wide international organizations, as well as foreign parties). Foreign policy should be based on the economic, demographic, military, scientific, technical and cultural potentials of the state. It is this combination that should determine the priorities and goals of the state, to achieve which it seeks in the international arena. The instruments for implementing such a policy are:
- relations between states on a diplomatic basis;
- State membership in world international organizations;
- cooperation with friendly states.
Thanks to stable relations with foreign partners, the state can combine methods and means of foreign policy activity: exchange visits at various levels, carry out regular information exchanges, conclude agreements and agreements in a wide range of issues.
Domestic policy is represented by a combination of such areas as economic, demographic, socio-integration, socio-cultural, etc. In other words, the direction of the state and its institutions on reforming or maintaining the social and political system. To achieve the main objectives of the policy, the state can use a wide range of instruments: tax levers, tax incentives, employment regulation through the creation of additional jobs, and the implementation of activities in the field of sports and healthcare.
Types of policies cannot be fully characterized without consideration of military policy, which should be aimed at the use and preparation of armed means to achieve national, class goals, as well as to counter the war.
To increase the effectiveness of policy implementation, its main functions are:
- managerial, expressed in the political leadership of society;
- integrative, which ensures the consolidation of society and contributes to the achievement of stability;
- regulatory, contributing to the regulation, streamlining of political relations ;
- predictive, the main purpose of which is to develop a concept and direction for improving society;
- normative - is associated with the development and approval of the value system in the state.
Only using all types of policies, the state can objectively and realistically reflect pressing public interests, as well as using adequately developed methods and means of implementation to achieve the main goals.