Extinguishing most of the fires is carried out by a variety of units, so the control of forces and assets in a fire is simply necessary. Organization of interaction between units is one of the decisive prerequisites for success in eliminating this disaster.
Structure
Managing forces and equipment in a fire includes many components. First of all, it is an assessment of the current situation and the creation of a fire fighting headquarters, as well as officials are vested with certain competencies and personal responsibility for completing tasks. Managing forces and equipment in a fire is the planning of actions and the determination of the necessary resources. Next - making the right decisions and organizing work, setting goals, quickly responding to changing circumstances and ensuring control.
Managing forces and equipment in a fire is taking into account changes in the situation, the proper organization of the work of all units to extinguish a fire, and recording the necessary information so that all ongoing activities are aimed at the effectiveness of this work. Directly supervises the fire extinguishing by a senior person who has been trained and has received admission in the prescribed manner to manage fire extinguishing.
The principles of command and control in a fire are one-man management and strict submission. When an organizational structure is created for the bodies that control firefighting forces and means, the principle of unity of command is fundamental. The central control figure - the head of the fire extinguishing (RTP) - takes control of the forces and means in the fire, the authority of the participants in the fire is determined by him. Conducting rescue operations is also within his competence.
The principles of controlling forces and assets in a fire have developed on the experience of extinguishing, and in today's conditions, following them is of particular importance. The development of tactical and technical actions at an extremely high pace gives the work the utmost tension, sudden changes in the situation require following a single strategy. Therefore, only RTP has the ability to centrally manage all actions and is able to direct the actions of subordinates to eliminate the fire and conduct emergency rescue work.
RTP
The fire extinguishing manager gives binding instructions. No one has the right to interfere in his actions or cancel his orders. This applies to all officials and citizens in the area where firefighting and rescue operations are carried out. The definition of control of forces and assets in a fire is also the prerogative of the head (RTP). It may be:
1. If there is one guard, its chief or senior of this unit, who has arrived for fire fighting at the head of this guard.
2. If several guards interact in a fire - the most senior person in the territorial garrison of the local fire department, which is determined according to the appendix to the departure schedule and the legislation of the Russian Federation.
3. Determining the management of forces and assets in a fire - giving the first order from a senior operational officer. This is considered the point of assuming leadership of the fire fighting.
If the senior official who is the head of the fire fighting receives information about the occurrence of another fire - of a higher rank (number), he appoints the head of another official operational person from those who are nearby and leaves this place of the fire, which must be communicated to the dispatcher in the GPO, where the corresponding entry is made in the documents. There may also be other reasons why the organization of command and control in a fire is transferred to another person.
Manager Responsibilities
RTP manages all means and forces and at the same time bears full responsibility for the result. His practical work is based on management bodies, first of all, on the operational headquarters, the heads of all fire extinguishing sections, who help him in tactical and technical actions during the management of the unit in the entrusted area. Also, from the head of the fire fighting, the control of forces and equipment in a fire involves making decisions and setting goals, organizing interaction and ensuring coordinated tactical and technical actions for effective fire fighting. The manager performs all these actions directly with units or with the help of the operational headquarters.
The fire extinguishing manager establishes the boundaries of the territory where the actions take place - extinguishing and rescue operations, and the manager determines the features and order of these actions. He also carries out reconnaissance and determines the rank (number) of the fire, then attracts the necessary funds and forces of the units in sufficient quantities. The head makes decisions restricting the rights of citizens in the territory of fire fighting so as not to interfere with saving people and property. It is the RTP that determines the main direction after receiving fire intelligence data . The entire fire control system is under the supervision of the head. He arranges the units taking into account the main direction of fire extinguishing, then provides an uninterrupted supply of substances to eliminate the fire.
Executive Decisions
The head decides how to use the gas and smoke protection service in a fire, determines its composition, the operation procedure of its units, and other GPPS services that are not in the state. The supervisor is in charge of all fire fighting communications. He reports to the dispatcher about the decisions made, changes in the operational environment, as well as other necessary information. In addition, he is obliged to report all this to the senior officer in the garrison. But his most important decisions relate to the implementation of labor protection rules in units involved in fire fighting and rescue operations by all forces involved in this, and the manager is obliged to bring all information about the health and life risks of personnel to everyone.
The leader must interact with all life support services that are involved in fire fighting and rescue operations. He takes measures to preserve the situation at the facility to establish the causes of the fire - these are physical evidence (property), traces. The head also organizes the protection of the firefighting and rescue operations until their completion. Next, the head draws up an act. The fire and power control bodies are transferred to the operational headquarters. If the latter is not created, the RTF performs its duties. It should provide reserves of funds and forces to extinguish a protracted fire in order to ensure successful operation in the event of another fire.
Executive Rights
The head of the fire extinguishing has the right to binding instructions: to any GPO officials, heads of government bodies and enterprises, as well as to all citizens who are on the territory of fire fighting and rescue operations. In addition, he has the right to appoint and dismiss any operational officials. The head has the right to receive information necessary for the organization of fire fighting and rescue operations, which the administrations of objects or organizations and life support services have.
The head has the right to create an operational headquarters, dividing the fire fighting territory into sections or sectors (STP or UTP), as well as attract additional funds and forces for fire fighting and rescue operations, and, of course, change their arrangement. Judging by the experience gained, practice has shown that even the most tactically competent and trained leader alone is not able to manage fire fighting at complex and large facilities. If RTP tries to solve all the small and big issues on its own, it loses time and sprays forces, and therefore the result is far from always being positive.
Creation of an operational headquarters
Now the volume of work has increased significantly, and therefore the basics of command and control in a fire are entirely and completely used in extinguishing all subordinate bodies. Only if the efforts are joint can we quickly assess the situation comprehensively and find the most effective ways to use the available means and forces to ensure quick fire fighting. The basis of management is the operational headquarters, that is, a temporary non-staff body. It is created necessarily if the fire rank (number) is increased, if three or more fire extinguishing sites are organized on the spot, if it becomes necessary to coordinate in detail with the administration of the facility (organization) all fire extinguishing and rescue operations.
The head of the headquarters is the deputy RTP, who manages forces and assets. And extinguishing fires will proceed more coherently if the chief - deputy RTP, as well as the assistant to the chief of staff, the chiefs of the rear, the gas protection department (gas protection service), who will be responsible for labor protection, people from the administration of the facility (organization) work in the operational headquarters there is a fire, as well as other people choosing RTP.
Tasks of the operational headquarters
The tasks of the headquarters include the implementation of RTP solutions. In addition, the headquarters is engaged in the collection, processing and analysis of data on the situation, the transmission of information to the security personnel and the dispatcher, the determination of the need for means and forces of the units, the preparation of proposals for the security personnel, the monitoring of tasks, the preparation of firefighting and rescue operations, and the preparation of plans with accurate alignment of forces and means at all stages of fire fighting.
Also, it is the headquarters that manages the creation of the reserve, the provision of gas and smoke protection services and communications, the maintenance of the readiness of units involved in firefighting and rescue operations, and the interaction with the life support services of organizations and settlements. The operational headquarters is located in the place that the RTP will determine, after which the people in the headquarters are provided with all the necessary equipment. There should be identification marks for the quick location of the headquarters. During the day it is a red flag and the inscription "STAFF", and at night its position is indicated by a red lamp. This is necessary for constant interaction with all units, so that it is convenient to carry out control of forces and assets in a fire.
Operational Headquarters Structure
The chief of the operational headquarters (NS) is directly subordinate to the RTF, and all other officials are subordinate to him. He appoints a deputy and assistants, distributes responsibilities between them for a more effective solution of fire fighting tasks. The NS also timely informs RTO of intelligence data, reports of participants in rescue operations and fire extinguishing, as well as the dispatcher, all proposals for the organization, the need for fire fighting substances and information on creating reserves of forces and equipment.
The chief of staff has a lot of responsibilities: arranging communications between the RTF and fire fighting participants, registering and monitoring the implementation of RTF instructions, filling out the headquarters regulatory documents, arranging the means and forces of units, interacting with forensic institutions. If the chief of staff successfully copes with his duties, the work is carried out clearly and in an organized manner, at a high pace, and in a minimum time the task is completed.
Head of the rear
The head of the rear engages in forces and means not withdrawn to positions, reserves of fire extinguishing means, equipment and fire tools. He is responsible for organizing the work of the rear: reconnaissance of water sources, selection of pumps and hoses, meeting and arranging fire fighting equipment at water sources. The head of the rear should concentrate the reserves of funds and forces necessary for fire fighting and rescue operations in all periods before their completion.
He organizes the delivery of everything necessary, including protective clothing and protective equipment, fuels and lubricants for fire and rescue equipment. If the equipment fails, the head of the rear takes measures to restore its performance, including equipment and fire tools. In addition, the head of the rear maintains relevant documentation.
USP and STP
Fire extinguishing areas are occupied by units determined by the decisions of the RTP and NSh. Such sites are created either at the place of fire extinguishing and rescue operations, or by type of action. If the fire spreads to three or more sections, then the RTG most often decides to extinguish by sectors that combine several sections. Each site (USP) and sector (STP) must have its own fire extinguishing manager. All of them report directly to the head of fire fighting and the chief of staff.
The operational headquarters takes into account the prevailing situation and maintains constant communication with each USP and STP, accepting and evaluating information from the field and giving orders. They can relate to all forces and means involved in fire fighting: these are access roads to the facility, vehicle installation locations, laying of trunk hoses and the like. The headquarters always keeps track of the arrived forces and assets, it fixes the arrival time, type of vehicle, calculation amount, area on fire, where this unit needs to perform assigned tasks.