Methods of contraception are different. Some women are protected from unwanted pregnancies with oral contraceptives. Others use a condom, while others resort to injection methods of protection. There are also special plasters and rings that prevent the fertilization process. And far from the last place in this list is the spiral. The Mirena system has been especially popular recently. Side effects from its use are not felt by all women. Some simply do not notice the spiral and consider it an excellent contraceptive.
Composition and description
The Mirena intrauterine device not only protects against unwanted pregnancy, but also treats. In its composition, the hormonal substance levonorgestrel in the amount of 52 ml appears. Secondary components in the composition of the spiral is polydimethylsiloxane elastomer.
The appearance of the intrauterine therapeutic system resembles the letter "T", placed in a special conductor tube, which has a white core and has an elastomer-hormonal filling. The spiral case is equipped with a loop on one side and two shoulders on the other. Threads are attached to the loop, with the help of which a spiral is removed from the vagina.
Pharmacological properties
The therapeutic intrauterine device Mirena (side effects from using the product are described in detail in the instructions for use, and should be studied before using the system) has a local gestagenic effect by releasing levonorgestrel into the uterine cavity. This makes it possible to use a hormonal substance in a minimum daily dosage.
Over time, levonorgestrel accumulates in the endometrium, and its high content reduces the sensitivity of progesterone and estrogen receptors. As a result of this, the endometrium does not perceive estradiol and has an antiproliferative effect.
IUD "Mirena" (side effects and contraindications before using the therapeutic system must be taken into account) when applied, affects the morphological changes in the endometrium. Causes a rather weak reaction of the body to the presence of a foreign body. It affects the thickening of the cervical canal, which prevents sperm from entering the uterus. The spiral prevents the process of fertilization, suppresses the activity of sperm, their motor functions. There are ladies in whom the product inhibits ovulation.
The use of Mirena does not adversely affect the woman’s reproductive apparatus. As a rule, after removing the spiral, a woman becomes pregnant within a year.
At first, the use of a therapeutic intrauterine system can be disturbed by spotting spotting. Over time, inhibition of the endometrium leads to a decrease in the duration of menstruation and a decrease in their profusion. The effect of a spiral on a woman’s body does not affect ovarian function and the amount of estradiol in plasma.
It is allowed to use the spiral in the treatment of idiopathic menorrhagia, but provided that the woman has no gynecological and extragenital diseases, as well as ailments with severe hypocoagulation.
After 90 days after the introduction of the spiral into the uterus, the volume of menstrual flow decreases by 88%. If there is a menorrhagia that was caused by fibromyoma, then the result from treatment with the therapeutic system is not expressed. Reducing the duration of menstruation reduces the likelihood of iron deficiency anemia. Reduces the negative symptoms of dysmenorrhea.
The low content of hormonal substances in plasma virtually eliminates the systemic effect of gestagen on the body. The introduction of levonorgestrel into the uterine environment improves its absorption and bioavailability, which is equal to 90%. The drug is excreted in the form of metabolites through the liver and kidneys.
Indications and contraindications
What else can you hear about Mirena? Side effects are very rare. According to women, the spiral can cause negative symptoms not only because of its improper use, but also because of the individual intolerance to the body. In this case, doctors advise to remove the therapeutic system and select other methods of contraception.
The main indications for the use of the Mirena therapeutic system (side effects after using this spiral are observed in many women, only in some women they disappear with time, while in others the negative symptoms are aggravated, which forces a woman to abandon this medical device) are protection against unwanted pregnancy and idiopathic menorrhagia. An intrauterine device is recommended to prevent endometrial hyperplasia, which may occur with estrogen replacement treatment.
The use of "Mirena" should be abandoned during pregnancy and if there is even the slightest suspicion of it. Do not use the spiral for gynecological inflammatory diseases. The intrauterine system should be discarded if there are diseases of the genitourinary system, postpartum endometritis, cervical dysplasia, as well as malignant and benign formations in the body are observed.
Do not use the spiral after a septic abortion, with cervicitis, bleeding of various origins, abnormalities of the uterine organ, liver diseases and with hypersensitivity to the components that are part of the therapeutic system.
Mirena should be used only after consulting a specialist if the patient suffers from migraines, severe headaches and if there is arterial hypertension. With extreme caution, use a spiral for jaundice, circulatory disorders and after a stroke, myocardial infarction.
It is believed that in small doses, levonorgestrel is able to penetrate the milk of a nursing mother, but if the child is six weeks old, he is not able to harm the baby. Therefore, for the use of the spiral during breastfeeding, additional consultation with a specialist is required.
Mirena. Instructions for use, dosage
The spiral is inserted into the uterine cavity. Its service life is five years. At the very beginning of the application of the spiral, the daily release rate of levonorgesgrel is 20 μg. Over time, this figure decreases. Five years later, it is 11 mcg per day. The approximate daily average hormone release rate is 14 mcg.
The therapeutic uterine system can be used in women who have used hormone replacement therapy in their treatment. Most importantly, the drugs used in the treatment should contain estrogen, not gestagen. If the Mirena spiral is installed properly, then the Pearl index is 0.1%.
The Mirena product is sold in sterile packaging. If the product did not have sterile packaging upon purchase, then it should not be used. Also, you do not need to store the spirals extracted from the cervix, as they still have the remains of hormonal substances.
The sterile packaging of the spiral is opened only before the introduction of the product into the lady's body. Only an experienced doctor with relevant work experience in this area should install Mirena. Before entering the therapeutic system, the doctor should familiarize the lady with contraindications and possible negative phenomena. Perform a gynecological examination. Take a gynecological smear. Refer a lady for a blood test. The doctor examines the mammary glands before installing the Mirena product. Side effects (the instruction warns of all the negative consequences that often occur after the introduction of the spiral) will be minimized if the patient is examined and the therapeutic system is installed correctly.
During the examination of the patient, it is necessary to exclude pregnancy, as well as infectious and inflammatory ailments. All detected diseases before the introduction of the spiral into the body of a woman should be eliminated.
Before introducing the spiral, examine the uterus and the parameters of its cavity. It is considered correct to find Mirena at the bottom of the uterine organ. In this case, a uniform effect of the active substance of the product on the uterine environment is ensured.
The first time a lady after installing the spiral is examined after 3 months, subsequently - once a year. If necessary, the patient is examined more often.
If the woman is of childbearing age, then the spiral is established within seven days from the beginning of critical days. Mirena can be replaced with another intrauterine device at any convenient time. Allowed the installation of the IUD immediately after the abortion, which was done in the first trimester.
After delivery, the spiral is allowed to be inserted six months after the involution of the uterus. If involution occurs with a delay, then you should wait for its completion. If the installation of the IUD occurs with complications, severe pain, or is accompanied by bleeding, then an ultrasound scan should be performed as soon as possible to exclude the possibility of perforation.
During estrogen replacement therapy, in order to maintain the functions of the endometrium, women with a diagnosis of amenorrhea have a Mirena spiral installed at any time. In patients with prolonged menstruation, the therapeutic system is administered on the last days of menstruation. The spiral is not used for postcoital contraception.
The therapeutic system "Mirena" is removed carefully, pulling the forceps by the threads. If the threads could not be detected, then a traction hook is used to extract the spiral. Sometimes, removal of the IUD requires cervical dilation.
The system, if there are no side effects, is removed after five years. If the lady wants to continue to use this method of contraception, then a new spiral is introduced immediately after the removal of the previous system.
Hormonal spiral "Mirena". Side effects
Negative symptoms in patients may appear in the first days after the introduction of the therapeutic system into the uterus. So the body gets used to the foreign element. As a rule, if the spiral is used for a long time, then the side effects will soon disappear.
Quite often, the following symptoms are side effects after installing Mirena:
- bleeding both vaginal and uterine;
- spotting spotting bloody character;
- ovarian cysts;
- oligo- and amenoria;
- bad mood and nervousness;
- decreased sexual desire;
- migraine;
- pain in the lower abdomen and in the back;
- nausea
- acne eruptions;
- tension and soreness in the area of the mammary glands;
- weight gain;
- hair loss;
- swelling.
If negative phenomena occur, you should contact a gynecologist. When using the Mirena therapeutic system, many side effects appear almost immediately, but gradually the body gets used to the foreign element.
special instructions
Women during treatment with the Mirena therapeutic system should pay attention to the appearance of signs of venous thrombosis. When they appear, it is recommended to consult a doctor and take all measures to treat this ailment.
Many women experienced side effects when using the therapeutic system. Reviews about the IUD "Mirena" note that when using this method of contraception in women, weight increased and acne appeared on the skin. If negative symptoms appear, the contraceptive should be removed from the body and replaced with another.
With caution, the spiral should be used by women with heart valve problems. In this case, there is a risk of septic endocarditis. Such patients on the days of the manipulations associated with the installation and removal of the spiral, prescribed a course of antibiotics to prevent the occurrence of this disease.
Small doses of levonorgestrel can affect glucose tolerance, so women with diabetes should regularly take blood sugar tests when they use a spiral.
In 20% of cases, Mirena can cause oligo- and amenorrhea. If menstruation does not appear in a lady for more than six months, then it is necessary to completely exclude pregnancy. Amenorrhea in women can occur during the year, if the spiral is used along with other hormonal agents in estrogen replacement therapy.
Mirena SCM is removed for infectious and bacterial diseases of the vagina, endometritis, pain and bleeding. The therapeutic system should be removed from the uterus if it is not installed correctly.
The doctor informs the woman about how to check the threads of the product immediately after he installed the Mirena spiral. According to reviews, side effects after the introduction of the IUD should alert the lady. When they appear, you should immediately visit a doctor to exclude possible complications and pathologies. Many patients are satisfied with the contraceptive, as it affects the absence of abundant periods and reliable contraception during five years of operation.
Intrauterine device cost
The Mirena spiral not only protects against unwanted pregnancy, but also heals. This explains the increased interest of women in this product. You can buy it at the pharmacy. The cost of the therapeutic vaginal system ranges from 9-12 thousand rubles.
Positive reviews of women
The Mirena spiral reviews have earned both positive and negative. Ladies who were satisfied with the use of the IUD note stabilization of the menstrual cycle, safe sex and long-term reliable contraception.
According to women, "Mirena" is not felt at all during sexual intercourse. According to them, the therapeutic system is just a godsend for women with menorrhagia, endometrial hyperplasia, myoma and fibromyoma.
Many patients note discomfort in the first month of the introduction of the spiral. As a rule, these are pains in the abdomen and back, a sensation of a foreign body, smearing excretion. But, according to the ladies, after the first menstruation the indicated adverse reactions go away and patients with the spiral feel much more comfortable.
Negative Spiral Opinion
The hormonal spiral Mirena has also earned negative reviews. Side effects after installing it appear in almost everyone. It’s just that some of them pass after a month, others are concerned about a longer period, and they have to remove the spiral.
Among the side effects, users note a strong weight gain, swelling, rashes on the skin, pain in the lower abdomen and back, sharp jumps in blood pressure, loss of sexual desire, smearing regular discharge. After the introduction of the Mirena spiral, some patients felt depression, constant nervousness and bad mood. They were worried about weakness, irritation, and mood swings. There are those in whom this therapeutic system provoked the formation of a tumor, ovarian cysts, varicose veins and hair loss.
Some women claim that after removing the spiral, they were bothered by heavy periods, which lasted continuously for about a month. There are those who immediately felt better after removing the IUD. In these patients, the mental state returned to normal, pain passed, and menstruation stabilized.
What do doctors say about the spiral?
Side effects of the Mirena spiral are not manifested in all women; therefore, many ladies not only protect themselves from unwanted pregnancies with it, but also treat them. This is confirmed by experienced professionals. They often recommend the system to those women who have heavy and painful periods. Gynecologists strongly advise the IUD for fibroids and fibroids. According to them, this system is a real breakthrough in gynecology. It prevents endometrial hyperplasia and can be used in hormone replacement therapy.
As a rule, doctors are not surprised by the side effects that occur the first time after the introduction of the spiral. They respond to them calmly and warn patients that this is normal, there is a period of getting used to and after the first menstruation with a spiral, everything will pass.
Doctors say that the levonorgestrel located in this spiral has an effect directly on the endometrial layer. Reduces its implantation ability, affects the reduction in the volume of menstruation and reduces their duration, removes menstrual pain. Contraception lasts for five years, which is very convenient for many women.
According to the doctors, it is not possible to immediately guess whether the spiral is suitable for a woman or not. Each lady tolerates a hormonal drug in her own way. , «» , . , , , , .