Modern higher professional education in our country is organized in accordance with the Federal Law “On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education”. In accordance with article 4 of this law, the structure of the system of higher professional education is a combination of “federal state educational standards of higher professional education”.
In turn , the state educational standard of higher professional education is a system of requirements imposed by the state and society as a whole on the quality of higher professional education in our country.
This means that in higher professional education received in any of the existing higher educational institutions of our country, must meet the same criteria. In other words, graduates of various technical universities must master the same programs and confirm the quality of the knowledge gained in the same ways. At the same time, when testing their knowledge, the requirements for students should be the same, regardless of whether they are studying in a metropolitan university or in an educational institution located on the periphery.
You can get higher professional education when studying at a higher educational institution: institute, university, academy, or during special courses. But the current state educational standard of higher vocational education allows you to get the appropriate education during external training, in which the study of the program is conducted independently, and in the future, qualification exams are taken at the higher educational institution.
Modern higher professional education has several levels, the first of which is a "bachelor". This degree in our country indicates the presence of a completed basic higher education and is awarded after the certification commission has passed the qualification work. The presence of a "bachelor" degree allows its holder to occupy positions in which people with higher education have the right to work, or to continue their studies at the magistracy. The degree of "bachelor" can be obtained only after graduation. Technical schools, colleges or schools do not have the right to assign this degree to a graduate. A bachelor's degree is awarded after four years of study.
The qualification "graduate" is assigned to the student ambassador of the completion of a special course of study and defense of the graduation project or thesis before a special certification commission. The term of study in this case is a period of at least five years. At medical universities for at least six years. In this case, the qualifications of an engineer, teacher, doctor, etc. are assigned.
When studying at medical institutes to obtain a doctor’s qualification, a prerequisite is the completion of an internship. In accordance with the current standards of higher professional education in the coming years, the qualification "graduate" will cease to exist.
The degree of “master” is awarded to students after completing a course of study at the master's program, which is the next stage of higher professional education after undergraduate studies, which allows to deepen knowledge in the chosen professional field.
The standards of higher professional education impose uniform requirements not only on the quality of education, but also on the educational space as a whole. The point is that at any point in the country a student of a higher educational institution should be able to study under equal conditions, and each educational institution should periodically confirm its right to conduct the educational process. Moreover, the assessment of the work of a higher educational institution should be carried out according to the same criteria established for all higher educational institutions in our country