Tajikistan is a beautiful country located in the Central Asian region. On 143 thousand km 2 are masterpieces of nature, which annually attract climbers. The country is home to almost 9 million people who work for its benefit. Neighboring countries are China, Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan.
General characteristics of the country's economy
Tajikistan embarked on its own path of development after gaining independence in 1991. Around the same time, the main strategic directions for further work were identified to establish a stable economic situation: ensuring full energy sovereignty, achieving food security and eliminating transport isolation. Strategic goals allow the government to attract foreign investors.
From 1991 to 2000, the country, like throughout the post-Soviet space, experienced an economic crisis - Tajikistan's GDP is rapidly declining. Unable to independently restore the declining standard of living, the government decides to privatize part of the state-owned enterprises. Thus, 22 cotton refineries were in the hands of private owners, and 8 of them are currently owned by foreign investors. Among the largest external investors: the Russian Federation, Italy, Great Britain and South Korea.
After a long crisis, the Tajik economy begins to gain momentum. Stabilization of the situation within the country allows us to establish relations with our closest neighbors. For example, after a change of power in the Republic of Uzbekistan, it became possible to revise a promising partnership. The first step towards each other can be called the resumption of air and train connections. Contracts for the supply of Uzbek natural gas were also signed, and an agreement was reached that the Farhad hydroelectric station is the property of Tajikistan.
Place in world rankings and Tajikistan's GDP structure
Heritage Foundation experts on the Index of Economic Freedom put Tajikistan in 106th place in the world. Columbia University ranked 129th in terms of its Environmental Performance Index.
According to the American publication Global Finance, Tajikistan ranks 157th in the ranking of "The Richest Countries in the World" and 107th in the ranking of tourism competitiveness.
At the end of 2017, the main macroeconomic indicator reached 7.146 billion US dollars. Tajikistan's GDP growth of 7% in 2017 is due to an increase in the volume of services provided. Such a jump allowed the Central Asian country to enter the top ten countries with the largest increase in the main indicator according to the World Bank.
The gross domestic product of the country can be divided into 3 main sectors. Thus, the largest share is the production of services. They account for 48% of total production. The share of goods is about 42%, and taxes - 10%.
The production of goods is dominated by agriculture and industry. The main industries include:
- mountain;
- cotton (cotton);
- chemical;
- machine-building.
The main exporter in Tajikistan is the Tajik Aluminum Plant.
Employment
According to current estimates, the economically active population of Tajikistan is more than 2 million people, of which:
- 66% are employed in agriculture;
- 25% - in the service sector;
- 8% - in industry;
- 1% - temporarily unemployed citizens.
Also. According to unofficial statistics, 1.5 million citizens of working age are in labor migration, that is, they work outside the home state.
Tajikistan's GDP per capita
After a short increase from 2010 to 2014, this indicator began to decline. And if the maximum per capita was $ 1,100 in 2014, then in 2016 - only $ 795. This is due to an increase in the external debt of the state, which led to the fact that the national currency weakened against the dollar. Although in Somoni (national currency) Tajikistan's GDP showed an increase, the exchange rate difference led to a fall, which ultimately found its reflection in statistical yearbooks.
It was possible to correct its position in 2017, when GDP per capita amounted to $ 800. In 2018, further growth is observed.