Cicatricial deformity of the cervix is a dangerous pathology. In modern medical practice, such a disease is diagnosed relatively rarely. Deformation covers the cervical and vaginal canals: the structure and length of the cervix changes , resulting in a displacement of the organs of the reproductive system. Against the background of pathology, the risk of developing malignant diseases increases, so in no case should you ignore the problem.
How does cicatricial deformity of the cervix develop?
Cervix passes through the so-called cervical canal. Its walls are covered with a cylindrical epithelium. It is here that specific mucous secretions are produced, a cork is formed that protects the uterine cavity from the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms.
Sometimes as a result of injuries and inflammatory processes, damage to the tissues of the genitals occurs, followed by scarring. The structure and length of the cervix changes, and the cervical canal turns out and moves into the vaginal cavity. As you know, the environment here is acidic, and for the normal functioning of the endocervix, an alkaline reaction is necessary.
Changes in the acidity of the medium provoke the development of inflammatory processes, as a result of which the nutrition of the epithelial cells of the cervical canal is disrupted. The chemical composition of the produced mucus is disrupted, which makes the tissues more susceptible to infection.
The main causes of pathology
If large children are born, then this is very good. At least, this is the opinion among the people. But doctors do not agree with this. The birth of a child whose weight exceeds 3.5 kg is already considered potentially dangerous, because in such cases the probability of injuries is high. Breaks and other damage to the internal genitalia tissues require suturing.
Quite often, the cervix after childbirth is not fully restored, scars form on it. Scar tissue is different from healthy structures - it is coarse and inelastic. A large number of cicatricial formations deform the neck, which is fraught with dangerous consequences.
Risk factors include not only complex births. Scarring is possible after abortions and diagnostic procedures if cervical tissue is damaged in the process. In some cases, deformities are congenital. The list of causes can include serious hormonal disruptions.
What symptoms should I look for?
Cicatricial deformity of the cervix often proceeds without any symptoms. In most cases, pathology is accidentally detected during a routine gynecological examination. Nevertheless, the appearance of some violations is still possible. Their signs include:
- Failures of the menstrual cycle.
- Increased menstrual flow, sometimes even bleeding.
- The appearance of thick, stretching white vaginal discharge.
- Aching pain in the lower back and pelvis (sometimes they become intense enough).
- Some patients report soreness during intercourse.
These symptoms cannot be called specific, because the same clinical picture can be observed with various diseases of the pelvic organs. Nevertheless, if there are violations, you should consult a doctor.
Possible complications
A change in the acidity of the medium increases the susceptibility of tissues of the internal genital organs to infections. Cicatricial deformity of the cervix increases the likelihood of developing endometritis, cervicitis and endocervicitis.
In turn, these inflammatory diseases can lead to keratinization and atrophy of the endocervix epithelial tissues. Against the background of such a disease often develop cervical erosion. The presence of deformations negatively affects the reproductive functions of the body. Violation of tissue trophism leads to abnormal development of cells - there is a chance of malignant degeneration and the development of cancer.
Effective diagnostic methods
Diagnosis of such a pathology is rarely fraught with difficulties. Cicatricial deformity of the cervix is detected during examination with gynecological mirrors. The doctor may notice a displacement of the cervical canal, an inversion of the mucous membranes, the presence of cicatricial formations.
In addition, colposcopy is prescribed. During gynecologist procedure can estimate the degree of change of the cervical canal folds. Generally, biopsy is conducted - fence tissue sample for later laboratory analysis. The study makes it possible to detect cancer cells. Additionally, smears are taken to determine the composition of the bacterial microflora.
In some cases, an ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs is performed. With congenital deformities, patients pass tests to determine the level of hormones.
Treatment of cervical cervical deformity
The treatment regimen is compiled individually, because it is necessary to take into account the patient's age, her hormonal status, the number of scar tissues, and the presence of concomitant diseases. The goal of treatment is to restore the structure of the uterus, to normalize the reproductive and protective functions of the reproductive system.
Drug therapy is advisable only if the disease is associated with hormonal disruptions or inflammatory processes.
Next, the doctor makes a decision on how to remove scar tissue. If the lesions are small, the sparing use destructive methods. Scars are removed by cryodestruction (freezing with liquid nitrogen) and diathermocoagulation (affected tissues are exposed to high-frequency currents). Vaporization with a laser beam is also considered effective.
Surgery: features of the procedure
In some cases, a full surgical intervention is necessary. If the patient is a woman of reproductive age, the doctor may recommend a trachelectomy. During the procedure, the cervix is completely excised, and the uterus itself is sutured - this helps prevent it from dropping into the vagina.
Young patients are prescribed an operation during which only scar tissue is removed. Laser beam excision is considered safer, since the risk of complications (infection, the appearance of new scars) in this case is much lower.
When removing a large number of affected tissues, patients need another operation - cervical plastic surgery. The procedure is aimed at restoring the normal form of organs.
Cicatricial deformity and pregnancy
What to do if the cervix is deformed after childbirth? For changes genitalia structure does not mean that a woman can not conceive. But on subsequent pregnancy, cicatricial deformity of the cervix affects negatively, as the likelihood of spontaneous interruption increases. In addition, there is a risk of infection of the fetus, since pathogenic microorganisms against the background of this pathology easily penetrate from the vagina into the uterine cavity.
However, pregnancy is possible. The decision on the need for treatment in this case is made by the doctor. Expectant mothers are recommended to carefully monitor their health, eat right, avoid physical exertion, adhere to the rules of personal hygiene and refuse sex.
Often women with cicatricial deformities even give birth in a natural way, although sometimes they can not do without a cesarean section.