The demonstration and implementation of the political interests of individual groups or citizens occurs through the creation of socio-political movements - associations and associations not provided for by state and party structures. The political goal of the movement is achieved in uniting the forces of socially active citizens.
The role of political movements in society
Citizens who are not satisfied with the activities of various state institutions or are not satisfied with the statutory norms and program goals often take part in political movements. A significant difference between socio-political movements and political parties is the amorphous social base. OPD represent the interests of individuals of various socio-political interests, representatives of groups divided by ethnic, ideological, regional affiliation.
The work of political organizations and movements is aimed primarily at solving a narrow range of political tasks, and functioning is based on a specific concept. Upon reaching the goal, such movements tend to cease to exist or to transform into political movements or parties with other requirements. It is noteworthy that political movements are just a lever of influence on power, but not a way to gain it.
Characteristic Features
The following signs indicate the socio-political social course:
- there is no single program, a fixed charter;
- the social base of the participants is variable;
- admissibility of collective membership in the movement;
- the presence of a center and a formal internal hierarchy is not characteristic: the structure of the CPD is limited to initiative groups, clubs, unions;
- participation in the SDA is voluntary, and solidarity is the foundation of the movement.
Historical background indicates the serious role of socio-political movements in the public life of the state. The continued functioning of the current can turn it into a political force.
So, for example, social and political movements include groups of people who advocate for animals, the environment or human rights.
Classification of Politically Active Organizations
The goals of a political movement largely determine its nature. Political scientists established the following classification of social movements:
- Attitude to a functioning political system: conservative, reformist and revolutionary.
- Place in the political spectrum: left, right and centrist.
- The scale of organizations: local, regional and international.
- Methods and ways to achieve your goals: legal and illegal, formal and informal.
An important role in the characterization of OPD is played by the duration of their existence.
Revolutionary movements
Revolutionary political movements are actions of a mass, collective nature, committed with the aim of liberating the civilian population, which is under the oppression of the dominant, privileged social forces, which in the conditions of the unequal distribution of social wealth control those who create it without owning production assets. The main idea of most revolutions is the establishment of social justice by changing existing systems, eliminating structures, introducing reforms into the functional component of power - and political “innovations” must also correspond to the majority of the population.
As a result of the active actions of the socio-political movements of a revolutionary nature, established social institutions undergo fundamental changes: there is a total adjustment of the state machine, education, cultural and moral values. The leading forces of the revolutionary movements are the working and peasant classes, democrats and raiders: they, in view of dissatisfaction with the constant humiliation and deceit on the part of the authorities, seek to destroy a functioning social system, achieve an equitable distribution of material resources and rid the world of violence.
Political scientists and historians note the following feature of revolutionary political movements: their development falls on countries that are characterized by a blocking of social reforms. Thus, dissatisfied citizens see a way out of the situation in the revolutionary destruction of the existing political system.
The activities of reformist organizations
Reform socio-political organizations and movements are oriented towards a consistent, smooth change in social reality. An unshakable rule of the course is the reform of established orders, but the preservation of their “moral foundation”.
The activities of mass conservative political movements are mainly aimed at saving the current situation in the political, economic and social-human sphere. Preserving the current regime, conservatives impede the radical reform of the social system. Conservatism, notable for its fundamental principles, often has an ideological approach to social issues.
Conservative Revolutionaries
A. G. Dugin, a geopolitician and leader of Russian neo-Eurasism, called reactionary and conservative revolutionary modern political movements “Revolution Reversed”. This characteristic is based on the desire of the reactionaries to return society to the traditions of social, political and economic organizations, which are currently considered a relic of the past. Since the basis of the conservative-revolutionary movement is a folk tradition directed against the present, the specific goals and objectives of the trend in different countries may differ.
Pragmatic CPD
The activities of activists whose civic position is based not on ideology and the development of long-term political strategies, but on the practical solution of the tasks set for the state and society at the moment, are classified as pragmatic political movements.
Opposition
Opposition movements are a form of demonstration of social dissatisfaction of large and small social groups. The opposition institute in the conditions of modern multi-party political systems allows finding an alternative solution to urgent problems.
Opposition, as a rule, represents the interests of parties that have lost the elections to the central and legislative authorities, and plays a significant role in controlling the political situation in the country, having a significant impact on the state political course and the work of government bodies.
History reference
Political movement is the reaction of society to the existing national and regional political culture. In most cases, they are formed on the basis of the needs of society, its traditions and the norms of political culture.
Acts of political movements are inherent in any state power system. Thus, the 1996 Rail War, which took place in Kuzbass, was a social movement of an economic nature: activists demanded timely payment of wages. However, in a short time, the OPD turned from an uprising into a multifaceted political movement: following the slogans “Return the money you earned!” Such a demand was put forward as the dismissal of the government.
There are many examples of what kind of political movement was characteristic of a certain period in the history of the world and the Fatherland. The school curriculum involves the study of perhaps the largest revolt in the history of Russia - the workers and peasants. So, during the period of active industrialization that took place at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries, discontent began to increase in the working classes. As a result of lengthy rallies and demonstrations with the advancement of their own demands, the proletariat was able to shorten the working day, improve working conditions, and achieve the creation of a state insurance system. It is worth noting that the professional factor is not the main aspect characterizing SPD. The basis of any movement is, first of all, the concept, idea and goal.
Political movements in Russia
A mobile, vibrant, and efficient society is based on the activity of an SDA. Their functioning justifies the historical approach, the wording of which is as follows: the more opinions, the more correct the decision. Socio-political movements in Russia are represented in a wide variety - this fact indicates a high level of political activity of the civilian masses and the maturity of society. Nevertheless, it is worth noting that the functioning of the diversity of the SDA may indicate the instability of the political views and positions of not only the citizens of the country, but also the authorities.
So, in the Russian Federation, revolutionary political movements are represented by radical communists (VKPB, RKRP, CPSU) and national Bolsheviks (NBP Limonova). Reformist sentiments prevail in parties such as the Communist Party Zyuganova and A Just Russia. Conservative political movements are the most ideologized social movements and organizations, United Russia. The wing of the conservative revolutionaries consists of neo- and Eurasians, national-Bolsheviks and Orthodox-monarchist groups. The pragmatic movement includes the political party of Zhirinovsky and the bulk of the EdRo asset.
Public organizations
Sports, scientific, technical, cultural and educational activities are placed on the shoulders of such an element of the political system as public organizations. The most common forms of manifestation of cultural activity is unionization in trade unions, societies and associations.
The main task of public organizations is to accumulate a wide range of citizens' interests: for example, they are engaged in solving problems of both a political, economic, and leisure, amateur nature. Most often, the activities of trade unions and associations are aimed at changing the culture of work, life, and leisure for people, but they also play an important role in protecting the rights and interests of representatives of the working class, and involving them in production and public affairs.