In November 2019, the Russian intelligentsia will celebrate the 90th anniversary of the birth of educator-innovator Ilyin Evgeny Nikolaevich. His teaching and upbringing methods were ahead of the development of pedagogy of the twentieth century, but became redundant with the advent of the exam. What is primary - to teach or raise a child? How to attract children to read fiction? Pedagogical ideas E.N. Ilyin’s original, effective, give amazing results and answer many questions of pedagogy.
Century of Change
The twentieth century, especially the first half, is the time of Russia's test of strength: revolution, socialism, hunger, war, devastation. Towards the end of the century there was perestroika, the collapse of the USSR, capitalism. It is difficult to live in an era of change, but it was precisely at these times that non-standard ideas appeared, unrealistic ways of development, and extraordinary personalities, among which Evgeny Nikolaevich Ilyin.
Thousands of answers on the Internet come to a request about this person. All of them are about his methods, programs. Scanty information about personal life, biography of Evgeny Nikolaevich Ilyin, career growth. He does not have his historiographers, archivists. Photo by Evgeny Nikolayevich Ilyin small, low-quality, digitized from rare photographs of a film camera. A talented philologist has never advertised his "I". He just worked in good faith.
Leningrad intellectual Ilyin
The starting point is November 8, 1929. It was then in Leningrad that the son of Zhenya was born into the family of a worker Nikolai Ilyin. Three weather children were in the family, they lived not easily. My father worked at the factory as a turner. In the evenings, playing with children, he always arranged for reading aloud. There was little children's literature at that time, and Pushkin was always there. He was read.
Love for the book, by the way, appeared just then, at family parties. At the age of five, Eugene knew by heart almost entirely “Ruslana and Lyudmila”. Together they memorized texts in whole pages. The future teacher of literature said that this was what became his career guidance in a big life.
And then there was the war, the siege of Leningrad, the funeral for his father. At the end of 1941, the boy himself received a shrapnel wound to the temple and severe concussion. Hunger, trauma — he spoke slowly and with difficulty, studying at school was not easy. The young man coped, entered the philological university of Leningrad University, successfully graduated in 1955.
Teaching with a speech impediment was difficult. Already having a family, he was tired of struggling with his problems and left his hometown. Having returned, he learned to be a driver, worked at the motor depot. But fate put Yevgeny Nikolayevich Ilyin into a “prescribed from above rut”: first to evening school, then to general education. For more than 30 years he worked as a teacher of literature. Since 1993, Professor Ilyin taught at the University of St. Petersburg. He wrote a lot of teaching aids, pedagogical essays, books.
Ilyin system
The school subject "literature" should instill in a teenager ethical and aesthetic views, civic stand, humanism, morality. And necessarily - a love of reading: without this, talking about literature is pointless. Teacher Yevgeny Nikolayevich Ilyin insists that the educational effect of the lessons should prevail over the educational. Raising a moral person is more important for him than pumping him with philological knowledge. This was the starting point of his innovative ideas.
The works that are studied in school, carry a number of major moral and ethical problems. They need to be discussed in the lessons, to develop their attitude, civic position. This is how a worldview is developed. But to impose one’s point of view on students is the wrong position, believes E. N. Ilyin. You need to look for answers to pressing questions together: a teacher and a student. The Ilyin system has become part of the pedagogy of cooperation.
In the process of educational work, the mentor-student relationship should have mutual interest, contact, and goodwill. That is why it is impossible to conduct literature lessons by conventional methods: give a lecture on the topic, ask for homework, put notes. There is nothing interesting for the child in this chain. So, he is a passive listener and performer. As a result, it turns out: the “teacher” issued the material, and the student does not take interest.
As soon as the creative beginning, the opportunity to express one’s point of view appears, the student himself will want to carefully read the book and, together with the writer, come to the right moral secrets through his, so far naive, children's opinions. In lessons, the main thing is the educational moment, and the cognitive one is secondary; it is left to the students. And they are happy to read, learn, seek truth and evaluate actions.
Methods and Rules
The main rule of the Ilyin literature is to teach literature as the most important of the arts, and not as a school subject on a schedule. A literary text should have the same artistic analysis, review, analysis.
All the work of Yevgeny Nikolaevich Ilyin was a struggle for the attention of students. It was not silence and order that worried him: it would be interesting - they would listen and participate - the issue of discipline would be decided by itself. How to attract the attention of modern youths to the "traditions of the old antiquity"? Build a lesson as the work itself. And there are three helpers here:
- unexpected delivery techniques;
- vivid images, inconspicuous important details;
- tricky interesting questions.
The whole technique fit in three words: a technique, a detail, a question.
How to achieve activity in the lessons from all students? To get a polemic, everyone needs to read the work. The master, who wrote "The Law of Three On," notes three tasks for the teacher:
- enchant with a work (book);
- inspire literary heroes;
- fascinate the author.
To implement the law, of course, you will need to study the biography of the writer, the work itself, and re-read the criticism. Three O's are possible only when the teacher himself is fascinated and inspired.
Another rule of the innovator-mentor about attitude to people: to love, understand, accept, compassion, help. The whole concept is in five verbs, this is his Soul Table. She, by the way, is the most complete antagonist of the modern exam, designed for an obedient middle peasant. In the exam there is no education, no creativity. Studying in the Unified State Examination system, children will completely stop reading, thinking, creating. They will never write an essay on "War and Peace" on a theme invented by E.N. Ilyin: “What to load on carts?”. All this is because for writing it is necessary with genuine interest to read each page, to become a participant in events, to understand the situation.
Teacher professions
Sharing his pedagogical experience in educational works, manuals, books, Evgeny Nikolayevich writes that a good specialist in literature must be an expert on the subject, a doctor, an artist. He is sure that the writer should be an actor. Artistry should become a means of learning. Talk about art only with the help of art. In order for the heroes of books to come to life in the lessons, you yourself need to become a director, performer, a harmful spectator-critic, artist. Expression and emotionality should be the main pedagogical technique. He himself embodied this commandment not only with an emotional speech, but also with facial expressions, gestures, movements and reading in different voices.
Little things lover
One of the favorite techniques for discussing the text is to start with a small detail and in reasoning, debate, get to generalization. The search for truth often continues after the lesson, encourages re-reading, modeling your own ways to solve problems. The task of the mentor is to direct the thought in the right direction not with a replica “only as right as I said”, but start with small details and unravel the “knot of the problem” together.
The teacher considers small details to be the pearls of the text. Ironic Bazarov’s lips, never smiling eyes of Pechorin, Kabanikh with his “Well ...” - for Yevgeny Ilyin, these are touches, keys to understanding the whole work.
The dispute as the development of curiosity
Cooperation in the search for moral ideals involves different points of view, the ability to express them, ask questions, argue. This is welcome, for such interaction involves reading a book. A schoolboy who has not read Onegin is unlikely to have his own point of view on his adventures.
Children love to argue: they are maximalists. You can temporarily take their point of view and bring the plot to absurdity. Go through several options, take into account different opinions, see the well-known text with a different eye. In this process, both the student and the teacher study.
To any teacher to help
The training system of a teacher-innovator does not require special didactic materials, office equipment and other tools. It is available to any vocabulary who came to school to teach children to read books and understand "what is good." The pedagogical ideas of Yevgeny Nikolayevich Ilyin work if the teacher is ready to cooperate with students, and not to edify. Thirty years of experience in implementing the system showed a consistently high result: Ilyin read everything, voluntarily, with interest and understanding.
Moreover, the system is suitable for all subject matter. An active joint search for the right solution, mistake, attempt, skillful discreet guidance in the right direction - and now the next theorem is proved, the history of getting rid of the yoke of the Golden Horde is clarified, the lines of the song are rewritten. Joint creativity, when upbringing is higher than compulsory knowledge, always succeeds.
For beginner educators, E. N. Ilyin developed 11 tips, logical and simple. A true teacher today uses them from the first independent lessons. He advised to grow spiritually, in order to have the right to speak of “literary giants”, to teach not only in the program, but also in life, to know each student, to encourage initiative. The most important thing is not to blindly copy experienced masters, to go your own way. The master invited everyone to become an individuality, a creative unit, interesting to children.
Lives in his disciples
In the last century, pedagogy has experienced learning trends with elements of extracurricular development of the creative personality, the perestroika slogan "We give knowledge to those who need it, they will take it, and let the family bring them up," averaged knowledge on the exam. And all this time, a literature teacher Yevgeny Nikolayevich Ilyin, a teacher-innovator, whose photo you will not find on the Internet, has thousands of students and followers in the Leningrad-Petersburg school.
Ilyin proved: to give knowledge is easier than to educate a person, to combine education and upbringing is more difficult, to make the educational process primary is the art of a true teacher. He also has an answer to the question of educating idealists on classical images who are unable to survive in the realities of modern life. For this, “Two Programs” were created: one works at school, the other offers an imperfect world around. They also talk about being in literature lessons, try to connect these programs, understand, write essays about relatives, neighbors, boys in the gates.
Literature provides moral bonds and teaches to resist evil, unfriendly. Book ideals are the core of a spiritual state. The real world will never become highly spiritual, but we must strive for this.