A month and a half later, a twelve-year-old blowjob, both in Russia and abroad, the name of Vladimir Putin sounded loudly. Let's see what is characteristic of the era of his reign and what did the Russian state come to?
Two Russia
Before talking about the vertical structure of power built by Vladimir Putin as president of the Russian Federation and what political reforms he made, it should be remembered what Boris Yeltsin was Russia.
At one time, Yeltsin carried out a mass of democratic reforms and transformations, the peak of which was the new Constitution. Of course, by and large it was very reminiscent of the US Constitution, with which, in principle, it was written off. In the Russian government, completely new posts appeared - the Vice President and Secretary of State, replacing the Minister of Foreign Affairs. A. Rutskaya became the first vice-president, and G. Burbulis became the secretary of state.
Then a bicameral parliament appeared in Russia. In the Upper House - the Federation Council - there were popularly elected governors from 89 subjects of the Federation. The governors had almost unlimited powers, parliamentary immunity. They were elected to the post of governor in the field, directly by residents of each Russian region.
Thus, the vertical of power was directed from top to bottom, from the center to the province, and therefore very soon Russia began to resemble the old Russian state of the times of feudal fragmentation. Remember “The Tale of Bygone Years” and “The Word about Igor's Regiment”? Only instead of the specific princes did governor posts appear that were often held by strong and odious personalities: A. Lebed, A. Tuleyev, M. Evdokimov, R. Aushev, M. Shaimiev and others.
Using great popularity among the people and possessing almost unlimited rights enshrined in law, they considered the entrusted regions almost as personal estates, their own small states, and did not intend to share their power with anyone. With great reluctance, they submitted to the Center, and sometimes ignored the orders and directives coming from there. Of course, only political heavyweights could afford such things, in whose department there were economically developed regions with rich industrial and natural potential, such as Yakutia. “With our supply of gold and diamonds, what is Russia to us!” This is what the local leaders have said more than once.
Vertical power of Putin
This state of affairs weakened the central vertical of power and became a serious threat to the integrity and security of all of Russia. This was well understood by the Soviet intelligence officer, the KGB officer of the USSR V. Putin, who became Yeltsin's successor as president of Russia.
Putin set himself the goal of preserving the Russian state as whole and indivisible, putting an end to federal fragmentation, “kings on the ground”. To this end, he radically reformed the structure and forms of regional subordination.
First of all, the president managed to cancel the election of governors - they are now appointed by the main person in the state, i.e. he himself, together with the Legislative Assembly of the subject of the Federation.
Reform of the Upper House was also carried out: meetings of governors were canceled there. They were replaced by representatives of each individual region. This lowered the importance of both the Federation Council itself and the governors.
To strengthen local presidential control, Russia was divided into 7 federal districts. At the head of each was the Presidential Plenipotentiary Envoy appointed by Putin. Thus, the head of state managed to build a rigid vertical of power - the executive, which is under his personal control, from which much work depends on the established work in the state. Thanks to this, without serious approval from Putin, not a single serious issue of the vital activity of this or that region of the country is being resolved.
Thus, obstinate governors were gradually pushed out of their posts, they were replaced by people loyal to the Kremlin, over whom the presidential envoy in each constituency also oversaw.
Understanding well that the vertical of power is a series of measures and actions that should maximize the accountability and dependence of all authorities on the governing center, i.e. President, Putin extends his sphere of influence to the State Duma.
At one time, she considered herself almost an independent governing body in Russia and even declared impeachment to B. Yeltsin.
To avoid the sad experience, Putin creates a new party - “United Russia” and seeks its absolute majority in the Duma. In addition, all local legislative assemblies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are taken under its control.
Putin’s vertical power was so strong that Vladimir Vladimirovich was not afraid for 4 years to give his office and chair to President D. Medvedev, his long-time associate in the St. Petersburg City Hall.
View from the outside
One can evaluate the actions of V.V. Putin in different ways. Many liberals call this authoritarianism, totalitarianism, etc., and are right in their own way. Nevertheless, Putin, from our point of view, with all its undemocratic reforms, can rightfully be considered a collector of Russian land. He literally saved Russia from repeating the fate of the USSR.
It is worth adding that according to Putin, the vertical of power is a close interaction of legislative and executive bodies, the implementation of the idea of a single economic and customs space on the territory of the former USSR, the collapse of which he considers the largest geopolitical catastrophe of the 20th century.
All this increases the authority of Russia and Putin himself in the world, raising him to the rank of super leader of a superpower.