A large flow of information penetrates the human mind daily. One leaves him indifferent, the other pleases, surprises, scares, makes you think. The latter is most characteristic of the information that a person receives from organized sources of education and from qualified specialists.
Enlightenment: a bit of history
Translated from French, siècle des lumières means "the century (era) of enlightenment." Beginning in England (the 17th century) as one of the manifestations of the scientific revolution that happened there and freedom of thought, cultural enlightenment gradually captured many countries of the world. Science, knowledge ceased to be the property of the aristocracy and clergy and began to be used by enlighteners as one of the sources of development of social consciousness and being. They believed that the education of all segments of the population, including women, excluded by the then moral standards from public life, would contribute to universal unity and good.
Enlightenment is a subject of controversy and scientific research. There were many disagreements in the views of the philosophers of that time on issues of social and world structure. However, their undoubted merit lies in the fact that they gave an impulse to thought, raised the question of the search for the natural laws of human existence in nature and society.
The most famous philosophers of the Enlightenment are Voltaire, Russo, Hume, Didro, Montesquieu. In Russia, which embraced the European ideas of enlightenment, the transformations of Peter I and Catherine the Great (promoting the development of art, education and science), the works of Lomonosov M.V., Radishchev A.N., Chernyshevsky N.G. and others became known.
“Education” and “enlightenment” are synonyms?
The main idea of the Enlightenment is to make the human mind free from religious, political, domestic prejudices, a critical, rational tool for improving social morality. These ideas can be considered tasks of enlightenment and modern people, because in society there are several modified, but the same problems of using one’s own mind: inertness, fear or inability to rationally apply knowledge, search for truth and distinguish it from false teachings, create beauty inside and outside oneself, to defend citizenship and rights.
But isn't education also doing that? In everyday understanding, these are synonyms, but philosophy does not equalize these concepts: enlightenment and education. Their common goal is the provision of scientific knowledge. But enlightenment is
the deepest, cultural layer of education, the cultural maturity of the individual (society), the high level of education (both moral and intellectual), mental development, freedom from ignorance and prejudice. Enlightenment opposes "education", which tends to combine superficial awareness with cultural underdevelopment and even moral savagery.
The tasks of enlightenment in Russia
Most often, the population has requests for education in the fields of science, medicine, culture, and spiritual development of a person. However, enlightenment is an essential element of state educational policy. Therefore, it sets itself the following tasks, on the solution of which the very existence of the country's independence and identity depends:
- formation of public opinion on current issues of domestic and foreign policy;
- promoting the growth of civic engagement;
- assistance in adapting to changes in living conditions, in connection with reforms in its various fields, contributing to the maintenance of optimism in life;
- promoting the development of legal, social, political, cultural, spiritual literacy.
Solving the tasks of patriotic education, enlightenment should form in the minds of citizens the image of Russia - a great multinational and distinctive power. Its centuries-old history, moral principles and culture are a kind of source of high inspiration for true patriots.
Mission of Spiritual Enlightenment
A spiritual person knows the laws of beauty well and transforms himself and the world around him in accordance with them. Internal beauty is expressed in feelings and thoughts, actions that coincide with the requirements of Good, and fundamentally contradict Evil ... These general ideas about spirituality are concretized in the principles of humanity developed by the practice of human relations over many centuries.
Spirituality and enlightenment - things are inextricably linked. Each new generation should receive not only a store of knowledge about the principles and rules of spiritual coexistence, but also behavioral skills so that human civilization itself does not die.
The main task of cultural and spiritual enlightenment is:
- Firstly, filling inevitable voids that arise in the process of human growth and development, despite all the efforts of the modern education system.
- Secondly, the cultivation, cultivation of spiritual needs. He who does not know how to read and write preserves the image of a person, but it is difficult to call a spiritless person a person in the full sense of the word. It carries a threat to society.
Spiritual enlighteners (not necessarily religious) are a kind of missionaries who carry the light of true culture, art, ethics to the masses. They help people distinguish true values from those surrogates that are persistently introduced into the minds and souls of our population by Western and other "enlighteners".
Forms and types of educational work
Classification of forms of such work is carried out on several grounds.
- By the number of objects that perceive information - individual, group, mass education.
- Complex form: a series of thematic events is held - universities, monthly, readings, interest clubs.
The type of educational work is determined by the activity of its object that carries information:
- monological form (the most common is a lecture on a specific topic);
- dialogic, when there is interaction with the audience - an evening of questions and answers, a round table, etc.
Understanding and assimilation of information is the more successful, the more sensory organs are connected to its perception. In whatever form it is presented, the organizer must use a combination of different methods of influencing the thoughts and feelings of the listener in order to make it interesting and accessible, arouse the desire to actively participate in useful activities.
Healthy lifestyle advocacy
It is scientifically proven that the quality and duration of life largely depends on the efforts that a person spends on maintaining her healthy lifestyle (HLS). To do this, he must have special knowledge.
Medical education aims to preserve, improve and protect public health through the promotion of special knowledge and the formation of necessary habits and skills. This is a mandatory part of the activities of health workers within their specialization, teachers of educational institutions, and social services workers.
The most relevant topics of medical education today are the prevention and overcoming of bad habits and addictions, the organization of a healthy diet and environment, recreation and physical activity, the protection of psychological health, the exposure of pseudo-healing, the observance of sanitary and hygienic rules in situations that threaten health (during an epidemic flu, in public places, public services).