Socio-demographic policy in Russia is a basic element in the formation of the concept of the country's economy.
The level of social well-being within the country and indicators of its foreign economic position as a subject of the economic world space depend on the provision of labor resources.
Demographic policy: what is it
The purpose of this sphere of state regulation is to provide the necessary labor resources for the country . The state of all the most important forms of social life depends on this: the economy, the quality of life of different social strata of the population, and the level of defense of the country. What indicators form the socio-demographic picture of Russia:
- population reproduction rate;
- dynamic indicators of the size and structure of the population;
- mortality / birth rate;
- number of marriages and divorces;
- migration indicators.
All other indicators on the state of society in the state in dynamics over 10-15 years, on the basis of which an analytical section is made, identify problems that need to be addressed immediately, or negative trends and the development of measures to neutralize them.
What is social policy?
The purpose of social policy is to improve the quality of life of the population through the implementation of social programs and state support for certain groups of the population. A successful social policy is a prerequisite for achieving the goal of Russia's demographic policy.
For example, the program “Maternity Capital” is being implemented with the support of the state and has outlined a good prospect for increasing the average birth rate in Russia.
However, the social sphere is not always ready to provide conditions in this area. The situation with an increase in the birth rate, to which the demographic policy of Russia led, is indicative. 2013 revealed a deficit in the number of places in preschool educational institutions, this problem remains relevant in the near future. An imbalance can lead to undesirable social consequences. In addition to these negative aspects, the lack of places in kindergartens does not allow parents to realize their full
labor potential.Reproduction rates in Russia
Despite the measures taken to increase the population in Russia over the past ten years, there is a tendency to depopulation of the population.
Despite the fact that the birth rate has a tendency to increase (on average by 15%), however, high mortality rates of the
working-age population leave the issue of population reproduction unresolved.
The demographic policy of Russia at the beginning of the century showed its inefficiency. The lowest birth rate was in 2000. In the future, this demographic pit should prove itself by 2020, when the ratio of people of retirement and working age reaches critical proportions.
It was during the period of least reproduction of the population that the Concept of demographic policy was adopted until 2015 and with the prospect until 2025 of creating conditions for stabilizing the process of population reproduction.
Migration processes in modern Russia
Due to fundamental changes in the country's economy over the past decades, a reduction in the development programs of the northern regions, the outflow of the working-age population from these regions was significant and amounted to more than eight percent of the total population of the Far North (more than 1 million people).
Observed
serious changes in the proportion of legal and illegal migration flow of residents of the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). that is why the Demographic Development Concept has the task of creating programs for attracting promising young specialists from the CIS, and returning compatriots from foreign countries.
Institute of Family and Marriage
The institution of family and marriage is the basic social unit of society. It is in it that the principles of social structure, culture, views, social views, and personality orientation are laid.
For the successful implementation of social prospects, it is the family that is an indicator of healthy relationships. Therefore, the demographic policy of Russia is betting on the development of the institution of family and marriage. What activities should strengthen this important social institution? They are provided for in the program of supporting the institution of the family and serve the purpose of not only strengthening it, but also developing the spiritual and moral foundations of the cell of society:
- Advisory and psychological support to families, solving the problem of maintaining the family and preventing divorce.
- Propaganda of the value of marriage and parenting, as well as the admission of children without parental care to the family.
- Decrease in the number of abortions.
- Increasing parental responsibility for the upbringing and development of children.
Concept, program, plan and demographic policy.
The concept is an ideological position, which is a postulate for all other documents and decisions at the federal, regional and local level. General vision of the situation on the demography of the country and strategic directions in solving the identified problems.
The demographic policy of Russia is carried out in the framework of the program in areas of activity.
It is determined by the area of solving problems (protection of motherhood and childhood, support of persons of retirement age, prevention of antisocial behavior of youth and others) and organizational scale (federal, regional, municipal levels).
Plan - spatio-temporal localization of activities in accordance with the developed program. The plan is expressed in specific numbers and dates. At the end of the year, it is subject to analysis by the ratio of actual to planned indicators.
What are the priorities at the present stage
As priorities, according to the adopted Concept, which is decided by the demographic policy of Russia in 2014 for the current period and until 2025, the following can be distinguished:
- Decrease in mortality (especially maternal and infant).
- Increasing the life expectancy of the population up to 75 years of age.
- Maintaining the dynamics of increasing fertility.
- Strengthening the institution of the family.
- Attracting labor migrants.
The solution of the set demographic problems is directly dependent on the effectiveness of social measures aimed at stabilizing economic processes, reducing the stratification of society, creating favorable social conditions and raising the standard of living of the population.
Socio-demographic policy in modern Russia, its significance and perspective
For the effectiveness and predictability of the given parameters, it is important to provide for not only a successful increase in the quantitative indicators of population growth, but also to ensure this growth with the quality of social life. The demographic policy in Russia implies until 2025:
- Reduce the mortality of the working population by at least 1.6 times.
- Reduce maternal and infant mortality by more than 2 times.
- To increase public health indicators, to create motivation for a healthy lifestyle.
- To increase the birth rate by 1.5 times, to achieve reproduction of the population due to the birth of a second and subsequent children.
At the moment, the legitimacy of the provisions declared by the demographic policy of Russia is confirmed by statistical data. According to 2012 data, natural population growth was noted in forty constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The population level of 143 million planned for 2015 has already been achieved. But goals continue to be relevant.
Demographic policy and mentality in Russia
Thus, Russia's demographic policy , which is briefly presented in the Concept and detailed in social programs, is a system of influence of the state and social institutions on processes in society with the aim of improving quantitative indicators and demographic development.
The demographic policy in Russia does not change, but only develops the original Russian traditions in understanding the value of the family and the family upbringing of children.
The Russian mentality has always contained the spiritual and moral principle of justice and equality in society, the accessibility of benefits for all its members.
Based on these priorities, state policy is doomed to success, since it is identical to the Russian traditional understanding of the relationship between man and society.