Recently, in the education system, you can increasingly find such a term as “open education”, or OO. That is why it is worthwhile to figure out what phenomena and concepts are behind it, what do scientists, practitioners and educators put into it?
Appearance bias
The open education system was the result of processes of globalization, democratization and humanization of society. It was they who allowed this category to appear in the educational process.
Open education is the result of the historical evolutionary path of development and formation of an information civilization. It is also an integral part of it, independent of the state policy in the field of training citizens.
Open education is the most rational synthesis of the most famous forms of obtaining knowledge based on the use of telecommunication and communication technologies. This process, called convergence, is logical and objective in nature. A similar trend is inherent in the phenomena and objects of the real world, developing in the conditions of informatization. It can be especially clearly observed in the development of the means by which the use of information technologies becomes real. A vivid example of this is the computer. It combines the unusual features of a receiver and a TV. By the way, the latter also becomes a rather complex programmable electronic device, which in its functionality approaches a computer. Based on this, it can be assumed that in the future all available forms of education will go into one, which will be called, for example, virtual.
The need for OO
Open education is one of the qualitative characteristics of the modern educational process. Today, its use is necessary for society. After all, even if five decades ago, the employee who was able to clearly perform typical operations according to the instructions provided was valuable, today the specialist who is able to offer a custom product created by him comes to the fore. And this is a prerequisite for the successful work of not only the head of a large corporation, but also, for example, a cook in a cafe. Any employee should be able to analyze the situation as a whole and find the optimal solution that will be most effective for the current situation. In addition, it is important for the employee to be able to play various scenarios and compare them to make the right decisions.
Another reason for the need for open education is a change in attitude towards the game. Previously, it was considered necessary, but only for children. Today, the use of game forms is becoming commonplace for many communities and professions.
Open education is what allows a modern schoolchild and student to communicate not only with his classmate, housemate, or peer. With its help, relations with students living in other countries are easily established. The reason for such communication is the unity of hobbies and interests. Such communities existed before. An example of this is the clubs of correspondence chess and philatelists, radio amateur networks, etc. Nevertheless, the world continues to globalize. And thanks to computer technology, participation in such communities is becoming more accessible.
Thus, in connection with the changes that have taken place in human society, the open education system is quite relevant. After all, it allows you to include the student in modern life forms and professional practices.
Tasks Performed
The essence of open education is that schoolchildren and students get the opportunity:
- To solve the real problems that he is offering.
- Feel responsible.
- Experiment with your own status and social role.
- Conduct independent construction of their life strategies and the world of knowledge, highlighting in it ethical and logical principles, as well as priorities and values.
To date, the organization of open education is considered a complement to traditional learning. Nevertheless, such a system has significant differences from sections, studios and circles, which duplicate school classroom classes. OO takes the form of online clubs and communities, as well as intense dives. At the same time, it is very important that all this is not left to chance. Each of the network communities is pre-designed and subsequently managed.
Structure
When studying the characteristics of open education, it becomes clear that its main unit is a training program. However, this is not any plan (classroom or activities). A training program in the field of open education is a way of programming events that occur with its participant. It sets a task for students, which is both a task and an image of what should happen to them as a result. At the same time, the schoolchild or student is invited to do something that until then was simply impossible to do, or to come up with something that no one has yet invented. A similar task is open. This allows you to perform it every time in a new way.
An open educational event will also require the appropriate space. It represents intensive communication, the construction of which is carried out around one topic. This can be a common cultural field, a general circle of music, films, reading, etc., in which a schoolchild or student understands that he is listening. And he does not look for evaluation, but in order to reveal the general meaning of the proposed information.
Ideally, an open education is placed on the platform of pages and sites on social networks. At the same time, it is a system of information, pedagogical and organizational technologies in which protocols and formats intended for information exchange are provided with structural and architectural solutions. All of them are necessary to ensure stability, interoperability and mobility, efficiency, as well as other positive qualities of the TOE elements.
Functionally, the open education system includes a number of subsystems. Among them:
- Learning management. These are functions designed to create schedules, curricula, educational and methodological support for the process of obtaining knowledge, as well as their control.
- Administrative and administrative. Using this subsystem, teams, resources, contacts, projects are managed, and databases are replenished with orders and orders.
- Technical This subsystem contains telecommunication and office equipment, consulting and training classrooms, multimedia laboratories, etc.
- Personnel. Its functions consist in the formation and management of personal files of students, teachers and employees of educational institutions.
- Financial. This subsystem is necessary for accounting. In the system of higher open education, it is entrusted with the task of supporting contracts and projects.
- Marketing. It is especially relevant for open vocational education. This subsystem is designed to identify the needs of enterprises in specialists, maintain databases for their preparation and carry out advertising activities.
- Legal. Necessary for legal support of contractual activities.
- Informational. The tasks of this subsystem are extensive. The main one is the information support of the classes.
GS Principles
This form of knowledge acquisition is used relatively recently. Nevertheless, the studies conducted on her study made it possible to formulate the basic principles of open education. Among them:
- Personally-oriented direction of educational programs. This principle takes into account the educational needs of students and implements a marketing approach to the process of obtaining knowledge.
- The practical orientation of the methods and content of joint activities. This refers to the integrity and consistency of activities and the educational process.
- The problem of learning and its dialogical nature.
- Reflexivity This principle is expressed in the students' awareness of the methods and content of the activity, as well as their personal changes.
- Variability. This principle lies in the diversity of educational programs. The material presented to the students should reflect the various points of view on the problem posed, as well as many options for solving it.
- Supportive motivation.
- Modular block. This principle applies to the organization of the content of student activities and educational programs.
At present, the contours of the entire system of national open education are becoming more clearly visible. It begins to be seen as an organic and rational combination of all forms of knowledge known to pedagogical science. At the same time, educational and information technologies and the educational and methodological base of any educational institution make it possible to apply educational programs regardless of whether the whole process is full-time, part-time, distance, etc. In the case when the necessary material, as well as all the teaching materials, are completed in proper form and placed on the PC, it does not matter where such knowledge will be submitted. It can be either a single audience or a computer of a person who is not only outside the city, but also the country.
Among the principles of open education for higher education, the following are also distinguished:
- The possibility of uncompetitive admission to the university
- Independent training planning, which allows you to make an individual program selected from the course system.
- The ability to choose the pace of knowledge and time, as there are no fixed training periods.
- The ability to not attend classrooms and study wherever you wish.
- The transition from movement to knowledge to the reverse process, when knowledge is delivered to the student.
- The freedom to develop personality.
The principles of open education (distance learning) are additionally concluded in the following:
- Interactivity. This principle reflects the peculiarities of contacts between teachers and students, as well as students among themselves.
- Activities. In this case, the content of the materials and the organization of the learning process are considered. All of these factors should be structured in such a way as to surround the main activities of students and at the same time form a supportive and friendly environment.
- Individualization. This principle consists in assessing starting knowledge, as well as their input and current control.
- Identification. This principle lies in the control of self-study.
- Regulation. The educational process is subject to strict control during its planning, and it must be open and flexible.
Any system, including open education at the municipal level, has the principle of openness. It indicates the presence of feedback from the external environment. A similar principle is characteristic of all educational systems, including open. This principle is especially pronounced during the period of the entry of human society into a new, informational stage of its development. In the case of public education, it allows you to raise the process of obtaining knowledge to the level of social creativity. Integrating the most valuable of what has been developed by science, open education can become the basis for the further active development of civilization.
OO Technologies
It is unlikely that global changes in the country will be possible without the modernization of the education system and its effective renewal and development. This will allow to embody the principle of open education. Unfortunately, it is understood by many teachers as connecting educational institutions to the Internet and creating access to a PC for students, as well as conducting basic training for schoolchildren and students in the main areas of the application of communication and information technologies. However, one can only partially agree with this.
Of course, the platform for open education is Internetization of educational institutions. Nevertheless, this topic should be considered in its broader sense. Indeed, the main purpose of obtaining knowledge in the field of public education is the possibility of their use in a variety of life situations, as well as in the ability to make the most effective decisions in the event of problems. In order to successfully implement these tasks, they use technologies of open education. The main ones will be considered in more detail.
Debate
This is an international technology, the purpose of which is to teach tolerance, as well as respectful attitude to different views of interlocutors and the ability to successfully work in a team. This educational technique allows you to build partner communication skills and the student’s ability to concentrate on the very essence of problems, to uphold their ideas, find the necessary information and turn it into arguments.
Educational technology "Debate" arose in the 30s of the last century in the United States. Today it has found its wide distribution and is used in schools and universities in more than a hundred countries of the world. Externally, this technology is a discussion, but it is only organized in a playful way. Two teams of three take part in the debate. The teacher offers them a specific topic for discussion. During the discussions, there is a clash of opinions, as one team must defend a certain thesis under the terms of the game, and the other must reject it.
Those students who participated in the debate indicate that the program allowed them to acquire the qualities necessary for success. This technology of open education can be applied both at school and beyond. The presence of competition elements in it allows stimulating the search and creative activity of students, as well as the careful study of the material they study.
The development of critical thinking through reading and writing
This is one of the main technologies of open education. It, like the previous one, is universal. With its application, any subject teacher can work effectively with students of various ages - from elementary school to university students.
This technology uses the basics of teaching practice, based on reading and writing, which are the basic processes of any kind of knowledge. Its use allows you to:
- solve simultaneously problems of learning and development;
- harmoniously combine the students' communication skills with the skills of working with textual material;
- to form students' ability to master large volumes of information.
The application of this technology provides for the passage of three stages - challenge, reflection and reflection. The first of them allows students to summarize and update their knowledge on the proposed topic. It arouses interest in its study and motivates to obtain knowledge.
At the stage of comprehension, the teacher proposes new information. This stage involves correlating what you hear with your own knowledge.
At the stage of reflection, students need to take stock and develop their own attitude to the material being studied. At the same time, an unknown problem or topic for further work is revealed. She is a new challenge. The analysis of the process of studying all the material is carried out at the stage of reflection. This technology of open education is successfully applied not only in this field, but also in any educational process.
Project Method
The main technologies of open education discussed above are a continuation of the traditions of pedagogical methods, with the help of which at different times an attempt was made to overcome the border between studies and extracurricular activities. This can be done by the project method. With its use, the student ceases to formally acquire knowledge. He acquires them with direct planning, as well as the implementation of steadily increasing complexity of tasks.
The implementation of the project method is possible using two directions:
- Dewey Method. In those schools that have switched to work on this technology, there are no ongoing curricula. Students are taught only the knowledge that they need to gain life experience. In addition, teachers do not have a distinction between educational and extracurricular activities. , .
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- The logic of scientific knowledge ceases to be the basis of the content of the educational process. Instead, professional tasks are highlighted. Thanks to this, open education contributes to the transition from the subject principle used in the construction of the educational process to integrated training courses, which allows to reflect the whole picture of any professional activity.
- There is a change in the nature of knowledge itself. The criterion for its receipt is “under the activity”. Knowledge in the PA system is a means of solving certain professional tasks. But at the same time, one should not assume that in such a system fundamental skills completely disappear. They remain, but at the same time begin to meet completely different criteria. Knowledge in such a system is not obtained for the future. They are given on the basis of real needs and problems arising in practical activities. Of particular importance are methodological (universal) knowledge. With their help, the student is able to assess the future and predict it.
- The requirements for forms and methods of organizing the educational process are changing. Group and active individual forms of working with subject material come to the fore.
The type of activity, as well as the nature of the relationship that takes place between teachers and students, is changing. The student becomes a full-fledged subject of the educational process, taking part in the decisions of not only educational and professional, but also his professional tasks, which he solves thanks to the necessary help from the teacher.
To master the system of public education, you can refer to the resource of the Open Education Center. It provides online services for teachers to receive additional education.