The pathology of the genitourinary system with the appearance of neoplasms that are filled with fluid and glandular cells is called an ovarian cyst. What is this disease? Such a disease appears in a teenage girl often in the period from 12 to 15 years. Almost always, it occurs at the onset of menstruation. This phenomenon cannot be ignored; treatment must be started. How is the treatment of this disease, you will learn in this article.
How does a cystic neoplasm occur?
During menstruation, the follicle, where the egg develops, increases in size and fills with fluid. In the very middle of the cycle, degradation overcomes him, the egg is released and a yellow body forms. And when this does not happen, then the girl has formations that resemble vesicles leading to a cyst.
The development of ovarian whales can be both a virgin and a girl who has sex. As for a benign cyst, it can dissolve itself in just two months, completely exerting no effect on the body.
Causes
The main reason for the appearance of such a pathology is the puberty with hormonal changes, which are accompanied by pain. It may also appear due to the following factors:
- individual structural features of organs;
- diseases of the reproductive system;
- hormonal failure;
- problems in the functioning of the thyroid gland;
- early onset of menstruation or an irregular cycle;
- stressful situations;
- hereditary predisposition;
- excessive loads.
Symptoms
An ovarian cyst is a benign neoplasm consisting of glandular cells and fluid, the appearance of which can occur either outside the ovary itself or inside it. There is a cyst in the reproductive age, from the moment the girl has her first menstruation. Since it is precisely at this time that hormonal malfunctions may occur in the adolescent's body in connection with its restructuring, which is the reason for the appearance of a neoplasm.
As a rule, the formation of a cyst on the ovary is not felt in any way by a teenage girl, so the process of identifying it is quite difficult. It is for this reason that it is recommended by doctors to check the pelvic organs from time to time using ultrasound scanning. Such a study will help to identify a neoplasm in a teenager.
In more advanced cases, when the size of the neoplasm has reached a decent size, the appearance of such symptoms of an ovarian cyst in a teenage girl is possible:
- aching pains in the lower abdomen that can occur with blood clots from the vagina outside of menstruation;
- drawing abdominal pains after physical exertion;
- failure of the menstrual cycle and soreness of its passage;
- uncomfortable sensations during urination;
- increase in body temperature;
- occurrence of frequent fatigue;
- disruptions in bowel movements.
Diagnostics
First of all, the girl or her parents should be alerted that the teenager has strong, plentiful periods, when it is necessary to change the pads approximately every hour or two. Strong painful manifestations are also observed during this period. But this is not a reliable diagnostic method, the reason for this is the age of the girl, because adolescents can not immediately establish menstruation. Therefore, it is not always possible to track emitted these days. But if you could determine the pathology, then you need to immediately contact a pediatric gynecologist for advice.
Initially, the diagnosis consists of an examination by a gynecologist. Palpation of the pelvic organs for the presence of any seals will be performed. If during the examination painful sensations appear, then this indicates that the cyst is large. One of the most common diagnostic methods is to conduct a painless ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs in a teenager. The patient needs to visit the ultrasound procedure, and with the help of it it will be easy to identify a neoplasm. An ultrasound scan will also show what shape, character and size the seal is, which is very important.
Ultrasound examination in adolescent girls who do not live sexually is carried out only abdominally (superficially through the abdominal wall), and only in extreme cases, when viewing is difficult, they can look transrectally (through the rectum). As soon as the cyst is detected, observation and treatment will be prescribed, and it comes in two varieties. Everything will depend on the severity of the disease. Treatment can be both medical and surgical. With this phenomenon, it cannot be ignored.
Types of Cysts
For teenage girls at such a young age, only the formation of cysts of a follicular and hemorrhagic nature can be characteristic.
- Follicular ovarian cyst in a teenage girl of 14 years old. With this type of cyst, menstruation is always very painful, long, often irregular and plentiful. Also, 20% of adolescents with such a cyst have juvenile uterine bleeding.
- Hemorrhagic cysts. Frequent aching pains in the lower abdomen at the end of the menstrual cycle and general malaise are characteristic.
Also distinguish these types of ovarian cysts in a teenage girl in 16 years:
- Cyst of the corpus luteum. The appearance of water with bloody impurities in the yellow body, which is lined with luteal cells. Overcooling, the use of aspirin-containing medications and excessive physiological activity can induce the onset of the ailment.
- Mucinous. It looks like a follicular one. Strong mucus secretion is noted.
- Double sided. Two ovaries are damaged, leading to polycystic.
Treatment
Often, doctors prescribe treatment only when an active growth of the neoplasm has been identified. For example, a follicular ovarian cyst in a girl in adolescence can resolve itself after several menstrual cycles. When medical treatment is still necessary, the specialist will select the medicine, given the age, whether there are chronic diseases and other personal characteristics of the adolescent's body.
The goal of treating ovarian cysts in a teenage girl is not only to completely get rid of the formation, but also to maintain reproductive functions and establish the functioning of the ovaries. Doctors often use hormones, but sometimes they use contraceptives to delay the growth of the cyst. The treatment time for adolescents takes about three months. Ovarian treatment should be strictly supervised by a specialist. Also, the patient must comply with bed rest, taking anti-inflammatory drugs and vitamins.
Cyst surgery
Surgery to remove the cyst should be performed using laparoscopy and laparotomy. If the disease will have complications, then it is possible to prescribe:
- cystectomy (a neoplasm is removed near the ovary to maintain healthy tissue);
- ovariectomy (the cyst is removed together with the ovary);
- adnexectomy (appendages are removed completely, such removal is prescribed only in exceptional situations).
Surgical removal is not so common, but laparoscopy is often used, and it allows you to maintain reproductive function.
Possible complications
If this phenomenon is not treated, then this is fraught with a number of pathologies, and they can lead to death. That is why this phenomenon is simply necessary to treat. At least twice a year, you must visit a gynecologist. There are also such complications:
- Suppuration of the cyst occurs. As a result of which the structure changes, the volume of accumulated liquid increases.
- Malignancy, as a result of which the neoplasm increases in size, and this provokes pressure on nearby organs.
- The appearance of adhesions, which in the future is fraught with infertility.
- Torsion the legs of the neoplasm. All this happens together with symptoms of nausea, vomiting, pain in the lower abdomen, which do not go away even after taking medications with anesthetic effect.
- Rupture of a cyst. In case of ejection of accumulated fluid in the cyst, peritonitis may occur.
Symptoms are pronounced: sharp pain near the ovaries, fever, profuse vomiting, fainting.
Prevention
To prevent such a disease, no preventative measures exist. So that the girl does not have an ovarian cyst, her parents just have to monitor the menstrual cycle, the girl should not have stresses, her condition should be calm, and there should also not be much physical exertion. A gynecologist must be visited twice a year, no less. The mother should have discussions with the girl about sex, the girl should know that if she has pain symptoms during intercourse, then this is not at all good. You also need to limit the girl from tanning beds or bad habits. If you follow all of the above, then the likelihood that a girl will have an ovarian cyst will significantly decrease. That is why parents should be very careful and monitor the health of their child.
Cyst consequences
In adolescent girls, an ovarian cyst is found as often as in women, and doctors say that this pathology does not choose a victim at all by age. Most often, patients aged 12 to 15 years come to the gynecologist with such a problem, and the cyst was localized in such patients in the right ovary.
What are the consequences of the appearance of an ovarian cyst in a girl in her teens?
In the absence of proper treatment, this pathology can lead to various complications, first of all, to serious malfunctions in the ovaries. You should not hope that the cyst that appears in one of the ovaries will go away on its own, you need to see a doctor in a timely manner, otherwise the neoplasm will gradually grow and will put pressure on those internal organs that are nearby. So, as the cyst grows, it will exert strong pressure on the intestines, ureters, and also on the bladder. In addition, commissures will appear in the abdominal cavity, which will ultimately lead to infertility, but this is not all, as pus can form inside the hand. This will lead to the appearance of a secondary infection and the formation of tumor necrosis.