Monthly, starting from 11-15 years and ending with 45-50 years, phase changes occur in the female body, which are manifested by menstruation - the expiration of blood from the genital tract. Normally, discharge continues for 3-7 days and occurs with an interval of 21-35 days. All blood loss in this case is approximately 80 ml. Changes in the body that begin with the onset of menstruation are called the menstrual cycle. If a woman is pregnant or breastfeeding, menstruation does not occur.
There are times when the menstrual cycle is broken. Menstruation becomes irregular, painful, heavy or scanty. Blood discharge can appear before menstruation, after them, as well as in the middle of the cycle. To determine the cause of such violations, you need to contact a gynecologist and endocrinologist who will analyze the situation and, if necessary, prescribe treatment.
The main causes of spotting
As a rule, blood discharge appears with such diseases and conditions:
- with myoma of the submucous uterus
Menses are profuse, protracted, accompanied by cramping pains in the lower back and above the pubis.
- with hyperplasia and endometrial polyps
Abundant, sometimes painful clots occur. Typically, such blood discharge occurs in the middle of the cycle, and not on time.
For several days before or after menstruation, spotting spotting from the vagina occurs. The presence of this particular disease is most often indicated by painful menstruation accompanied by the release of blood clots.
Pain in the lower abdomen and spotting blood discharge appear in the middle of the cycle when the ovulation phase begins.
There is a rupture of the vagina and posterior commissure, which causes the appearance of spotting. An example of such an injury is violent or persistent defloration. Sometimes treatment requires the help of a surgeon.
- with dysfunctional uterine bleeding
Menstruation occurs after a long delay and is characterized by profuse painless discharge, which may be bleeding. In this case, due to blood loss and subsequent anemia, the woman's well-being worsens.
- with failure of the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle
For several days before menstruation, blood discharge of a dark red color appears. The reason for this is the insufficient production of hormones by the defectively formed corpus luteum of the ovaries. This situation can be repeated regularly, or it may be an isolated case.
- with cancer of the cervix and endometrium
Vaginal discharge is not associated with the phases of the menstrual cycle and can be of varying intensity.
- with ectopy of the cervix
Blood discharge appears after sexual intercourse, after a gynecological examination using mirrors and with constipation.
Menstruation is usually long, accompanied by spotting between menstrual cycles.
Spotting during pregnancy
Normal pregnancy. Discharges of this kind usually occur when the corpus luteum of the ovaries does not produce enough progesterone - the main hormone of pregnancy. Discharge is combined with pain in the lower back and lower abdomen cramping or pulling character. This situation indicates the threat of abortion and, if untreated, can lead to spontaneous miscarriage. Blood discharge from the uterus can occur with placental abruption.
Ectopic pregnancy. One of the signs of an ectopic pregnancy can be persistent spotting from the genitals.
Diagnosis of these conditions is based on the results of an examination by a gynecologist, ultrasound data and the result of a blood test for chorionic gonadotropin.
Any changes in the body during pregnancy should be treated very carefully, especially when it comes to vaginal discharge. In case of any unusual discharge, it is necessary, without raising a panic, consult a gynecologist and conduct an ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs.