What are the control methods?

In today's world it is very difficult to do without control. Alas, human society is still far from learning to do what it does well and in good quality. And here control methods come to the rescue. In fact, these are the ways in which the effectiveness of human activity is determined. What are they?

General Method Information

Let's go over the theory first. There are various forms and methods of control. For now, we will not touch on the specifics and talk in general. The main control methods are:

1. Constant monitoring. It allows the leader to make a judgment on the student’s attitude to classes, as well as on the availability and feasibility for him of instructions, orders, job descriptions. In addition, one can personally observe the level of qualification.
2. Oral survey. There are three types: individual, frontal and combined (compacted). The first option involves a detailed answer to a specific question or group of them. Frontal survey involves working with a large number of people. It is necessary to answer questions requiring insignificant answers. And the combined answer is when several people are called, and oral and written explanations are required from them. An example is the management’s actions when a shortage is discovered. Initially, an oral survey is conducted, then an explanatory letter is written about what and how.
3. Verification of written documentation. The main goal of the search is to reconcile data on the situation (of the company, implementation, and the like). It is also used for audit, accounting, management and financial accounting.
4. Qualification check. It is used to determine whether a specialist has enough experience to carry out a certain job or not, whether he corresponds to his position or needs to be transferred to a lower one.

These are the control methods that exist. Of course, this is exclusively general information, which needs additional detail and more detailed study.

General information on forms and types of control

They depend on the specifics of the organization of work. In total, there are five of them:

1. Frontal form. It involves providing short answers to the questions and requirements to explain the data and information.
2. Group form. Work is carried out only with a certain number of employees or data. Certain questions about something are addressed to him. Although it should be noted, representatives of other groups that are currently not controlled can also provide their explanations.
3. Individual form. It is used to familiarize oneself with the skills and knowledge of individual employees, as well as with the results of their activities.
4. Combined form. Assumes a combination of paragraphs 1-3.
5. Self control. It involves the presence of employees themselves monitoring the quality of their work, the functionality of the equipment, the reliability and timeliness of information on their own without external coercion. In many cases, this is the most attractive, although difficult to reach option.

In addition, it is worth mentioning other types:

1. Current control. He is carried out by the immediate supervisor during daily work, for example, the head of the workshop for certain areas.
2. Periodic monitoring. It is carried out after the end of a certain logically finished part of the work. For example, the production cycle or at the end of the quarter.
3. Final control. It is carried out before reporting for the whole year.

Additionally, you can still recall the planned, preliminary, thematic and delayed control. In general, there are various forms, types and methods of control that allow you to keep your finger on the pulse of life. And in favor of what to make a choice - it is decided in a certain situation.

What is their place in tracking the situation?

Let's look at an example based on the information already outlined:

1. Preliminary control. He usually performs diagnostic tasks. It is carried out to identify skills, knowledge and skills of a specialist, sufficient to perform certain tasks. It is carried out when hiring or before assigning new responsibilities. It allows you to choose the most effective option for performing the assigned functions.
2. Current control. It occurs during a certain process (for example, production), and allows you to determine how completed the creation of products, works, and services. It is also necessary to determine their quality. Current control allows you to timely identify gaps and take the necessary actions to address them. It also stimulates responsibility for the work performed.
3. Periodic monitoring. Summarizes a specific time period. For example, for a quarter or six months.
4. Final control. Designed to determine the final results of activities. For example, for a year or during the liquidation of an enterprise. Covers all possible moments.
5. Delayed control. Held after a certain time after the action. A good example is auditing. It is called upon to form an opinion on the effectiveness of the functioning process following the results of a certain time period.

There may be certain specific situations. For example, if a student is admitted from a university. In this case, practical control can be carried out to reveal the formed skills and real work skills. Separately, mention should be made about money. There are special methods of financial control, the task of which is to prevent misuse and / or waste.

The use of information technology

Means and methods of control are constantly being improved. The development of computer technology has brought a new dimension to the monitoring process. Machine control saves time for both inspectors and workers. Indeed, with the help of technology, it is easy to establish uniform requirements for assessing and measuring knowledge. It is also very easy to process working information obtained through machines. And in addition, subjectivity is eliminated in evaluating the results.

Another important point - the use of machine control allows you to increase the effectiveness of self-control. You can give an example from his personal life when a person monitors all his expenses and income using mobile assistants. Of course, you can do without them, but then summing up and searching for information will take a considerable amount of time until all the pieces of paper and checks are sorted. While the technique allows you to quickly summarize all the necessary information and display in an attractive way.

It should be recognized that self-control can be provided without a machine. In this case, you have to independently look for errors, analyze the causes of incorrect decisions, summarize all the data and do a lot of other monotonous and tedious work. In modern manufacturing enterprises, quality control methods are often automated and human participation is minimized. This allows you to get high-quality results at a lower price. Which, in turn, leads to increased competitiveness and allows you to survive in a tough market. We must not miss the need that information technology has in the field of accounting. After all, they also contribute to control! Accounting, financial, management accounting in any relatively active small business with more than one founder, medium and large businesses are impossible without information technology.

About requirements

Suppose we need to provide adequate and effective methods of quality control. To do this, they must meet certain requirements. Namely:

1. Systematic and regular monitoring at all stages.
2. Variety of shapes.
3. Comprehensiveness. It is necessary to check qualitative and quantitative indicators, theoretical knowledge, intellectual and practical skills and abilities, level of qualification.
4. Individual character of control. When working with employees, one cannot substitute the results of one person with the activities of the team and vice versa.
5. Objectivity. It is necessary to exclude erroneous and subjective conclusions and judgments.
6. Differentiated approach. It is necessary to take into account individual properties, personal qualities, conditions.
7. All objects must comply with the unity of requirements.

It should be noted that control methods should be easy to use. The approaches also differ depending on the conditions in which one has to act. For example, in an educational institution one can talk about one thing, completely different requirements are put forward at the enterprise. Until now, such a generalization could be carried out. In the future, attention will be focused on control methods at the enterprise.

We model the situation with the commercial structure

Control methods are tools that are based on the presentation of data (including graphically) that allow you to familiarize yourself, understand and solve a specific problem. Initial data are taken as a basis, which are subjected to special processing by statistical and mathematical tools. If we talk about the graphical representation, the most popular are:

1. General list of defects.
2. Bar graph.
3. Quality control card.
4. Pareto chart.
5. Graphic image of causes and effects.
6. Correlation diagram.
7. Brainstorm.

The first three are used to detect defects, the remaining four are used to analyze it. If it is necessary to use, for example, methods of financial control to identify problems, then they are quite suitable for this task. Let's imagine how a team of specialists works:

1. General list of defects. This is not an expensive and simple accounting method that allows you to sort certain events by quantity and species diversity. Defects are listed in a two-dimensional table, and each error is recorded, for example, by a stroke. Separate lines can be inserted for unforeseen and expected problems.
2. Bar graph. This tool allows you to graphically display tabular data on defects. Thanks to this, you can clearly familiarize yourself with them. This kind is also convenient for revealing the structure and nature of the available data, which is difficult to notice in a tabular presentation. How are they built? In this case, transfer from the table to the column diagram is provided. On the x-axis, you can place the intervals of changes, while on the "y" to display the values ​​of the frequency of defects. Thanks to the histogram, it is easy to evaluate the ongoing process and make an assumption about the future.

Other moments of the simulated situation

Suppose that financial control methods were needed due to the identification of marriage. In the future, you must use the following methods:

1. Quality control card. It is a graphical interpretation of random events in a specific coordinate system. During production, workers can independently control the qualitative aspect of the activity, arbitrarily choosing random products on the line and sent for inspection. Its results are recorded in a special document. With their help, you can judge whether there are deviations, whether they go beyond the established norm. If there are no problems, then it is considered that the process is manageable.
2. Pareto chart. Used to graphically display the causes of problems in the sequence of their influence on internal processes. Evaluation of defects occurs on the basis of their significance or the amount of costs that are needed to correct them. Here the famous Pareto principle applies, which says that 80% of the problems will bring us 20% of the problems. Therefore, the chart is used to rank the sequence of problems in the order they are resolved.
3. Graphic image of causes and effects. Also known as the Ishikawa diagram. This graphic method is used for analysis and the subsequent formation of cause-effect relationships. With its help, all possible causes that relate to the problem are recognized and investigated. At the same time, five main groups are distinguished that are dedicated to: man, machine, methods, materials and the environment. If necessary, they can be detailed.

Correlation diagram and brainstorming

We finish considering the model with the enterprise:

1. Correlation diagram. It is a graphical representation of the statistical relationship between a certain number of measured factors (at least two). In this case, the magnitude of their relationship is established. As an example, we can draw a diagram that contains points that are responsible for the signs of "width" and "temperature". A positive correlation in this case suggests that the higher the temperature, the greater the width. Examples include ice, water and steam. A negative correlation provides an inverse relationship, that is, the higher the temperature, the smaller the width.
2. Brainstorm. This is a group-oriented method of finding ideas, as well as jointly forming ways to solve problems. It provides the following rules: in the phase of the search for ideas there should be no criticism; It is necessary to focus on quantity, not quality; unbridled fantasy is only welcome; everything needs to be presented and written down. Initially, the leader writes on the board the existing problem. It is also necessary to remind those present about compliance with the rules. Then begins the first phase of the search for ideas, the duration of which is specified. At the request of the group, it can be extended. The results are entered into the protocol and ideas are written on the board. Then the group members begin to evaluate them and choose the best.

Here of these seven stages is one of the solutions to the problems that arise in enterprises. Of course, one should not think that everything is limited only to them. This is just one example of a possible activity, which is more suitable for ordinary enterprises focused on production and / or trade. But what if it's not so simple?

About non-destructive testing methods

Let's talk about technical issues. Non-destructive testing methods - most often this is an analysis of reliability, basic performance and other necessary properties for a particular object or its element, provided that it is not dismantled or taken out of operation. That is, they are used to verify the quality of the product without destroying it. Consider an example where it is necessary to evaluate the upper bound of the load leading to damage due to which operation is impossible: a car crash test. But what if it is too expensive, difficult, impractical? In this case, GOST-18353-79 will come to the rescue. He offers us the following methods:

1. Vortex.
2. Radio wave.
3. Optic.
4. Acoustic (also called ultrasound).
5. Magnetic.
6. Thermal.
7. Penetrating.
8. Electric.

Physical control methods are used separately, which are used to check the quality of welded work, coating iron surfaces, and more. Returning to non-destructive, it should be noted that despite the rather impressive variety, magnetic and acoustic methods are most often used. Although radiation can provide more opportunities. Also, its significant advantage is that it can be used in the diagnosis of materials that others cannot handle, for example, with composites. Of course, the specific application depends on what the work is being done on, since it is always necessary to remember the cost.

About the enterprise

And finally, we need to consider tax control methods in order to pay attention to the maximum possible number of aspects encountered in practice. What are they? Methods of tax control are methods and methods of checking the legality of business transactions, as well as whether they are correctly displayed in documents and tax registers, whether taxes are fully charged and paid to the budget, and whether the actions of the taxpayer show signs of offenses. At the same time, they are rather closely intertwined and it is rather difficult to separate them. But you can try:

1. Documentary. These include the reclamation and seizure of documents, as well as accounting registers, verification of the accuracy and reliability of reporting, compliance with legal standards, the validity of transactions, the coincidence of arithmetic values.
2. Actual. This includes examinations, inventory of property, verification of the actual amount of work that was paid, test purchases, analysis of the quality of materials and raw materials.
3. Settlement and analytical. , , .
4. Informational. , , .

, .