Mnemonic techniques of memorization: examples. How to remember large amounts of information

Our age suggests that we must keep in mind a huge amount of different data. How to remember large amounts of information? When you need to quickly memorize something, the first thing a person addresses is cramming. But this way of remembering information is tedious and inefficient. Mastering the necessary material can be quite an exciting game, if you use mnemonic techniques of memorization.

What is mnemonics and mnemonics?

What is the essence of these two concepts? By mnemonics should be understood methods and techniques of quick memorization. Combining, they allow you to fix in your head a large amount of information. The art of mastering these techniques is mnemonics.

To develop the ability to memorize complex dates, numbers, texts and more is within the power of everyone. Methods and techniques of mnemonics for beginning beginners and for children are equally feasible. You can and should train your memory at any age. Of course, there must be a great desire for this.

How does mnemonics work?

Work with information is as follows:

1. Some abstract data is taken.
2. Further information is encoded. That is, certain data are created between the data (associative, figurative, and so on).
3. The next step is to memorize and repeat the material in a convenient way.
4. Further, the information is decoded, i.e. decrypted.
5. And the last: the materials that needed to be memorized are reproduced.

Such is the algorithm of the method of storing information. This process seems a bit complicated for beginners. However, do not be scared. Starting to apply the techniques of memorizing materials in practice, you will change your mind.

Criteria for Mnemonic Techniques

There are a huge number of mnemonic methods of memorization, but they are all combined based on some criteria. The following is common to them:

• The effect of the new. It is not so important here what task you are focused on and what degree of its complexity. If the exercise is new to you, then you will feel a great benefit from it. The main goal of the mnemonic technique is to go beyond the usual and ordinary environment.
• Level of difficulty. Only that task will give the greatest effectiveness, which requires mental effort. By straining your mind, you gain knowledge in return.
• Interest. If you do not feel pleasure from your actions, then the effectiveness of educational games for memory will be zero. Stay on the option that brings pleasure. Only in this case, the chances of not quitting training are high. Pick up the tasks themselves in accordance with the level of difficulty with which you can cope. Gradually, you can make things harder.

Mnemonic techniques of memorization

They provide fairly easy ways to master the necessary data. Reception techniques are understandable to any person. Using them, you can assimilate and consolidate in memory a large amount of information.

There is a general rule for the use of mnemonic techniques. It sounds like this: use those images and associations that first came to mind. If you create several options, you simply cannot subsequently select the one you need.

The basis of mnemonic techniques are the created associations based on logical, imaginative or emotional relationships. So the information is easier to remember and reproduce. The creation of chains of associations should be based on what is already known, while adding new, namely, what needs to be learned.

Ways to memorize in mnemonics

The most common method is to create associative and figurative series. Along with this, other methods are distinguished: rhyme, mnemophrases, and others. Consider the basic mnemonic techniques of memorization.

Creating Rows

The main emphasis in this case is on the visualization of the stored information. Here, several techniques are used that are based on visual manipulation of images. Let's consider them in more detail.

Image overlay

The essence of this method of remembering information is to create bundles. They allow you to impose one image on another through the use of connections between the stimulus and the memorized material. Such mnemonics is a method and technique for beginners adults and children. It is suitable for learning a foreign language. By superimposing visual and acoustic images, a strong bond is created.

For example, when learning English, you need to remember the word trolley bus (trolley bus). Imagine a troll on a bus. This is the imposition of one image on another. A ligament is formed in the mind between visual images, which are incentives for memorization (troll and bus) and acoustic. When learning languages, you can come up with a variety of overlays.

Zoom in and out

Another method focused on the visualization of stored information. The meaning of the technique is to replace a complex image with a simpler one. For example, you need to remember a phone number. How to use this technique? Imagine the phone in great detail: numbers, handset, etc. Now imagine the opposite. Gradually increase the size of the phone. Focus on the buttons. So you can, having mentally increased the phone to the size of individual digits on its buttons, remember the number you need.

Mnemophrases

The mnemonic phrase represents a short, often rhymed sentence. Mnemophrases are built on the basis of artificial associations. It is used if you need to remember not too fascinating facts.

Often this technique is used in school practice. For example, in the lessons of the Russian language when studying the spelling of adverbs: already married unbearable; when distinguishing between similar verbs: put on clothes, put on Hope. An example of a rhymed mnemophrase is the comic definition of a bisector known from geometry lessons: this is a rat that runs in corners and divides the angle in half.

Acrostic

This technique of memorizing information is structured as follows: it is necessary to compose a sentence (sometimes it happens and a poem), in which the first letters of each word are the beginning of the material for assimilation. Everyone is familiar with one of the acrostics from childhood. So, in order for the child to remember the colors of the rainbow, he was told the following sentence: "Every hunter wants to know where the pheasant sits." Remembering this phrase, he could accurately name all seven names.

Location method

This technique is considered the most difficult, but nevertheless, with it, the process of memorization will definitely not be boring. Follow the suggested points:

• Remember the familiar environment. It can be your own house or apartment or an everyday route to work or study.
• After you imagine your home, mentally mark each place in it with a number. For example, a door will be number 1, a sofa - 2, a carpet - 3, a mirror - 4, and a bookshelf - 5.
• And now, having shown imagination, compose a short story. For example, that a pineapple was hung on the door, a fan was located on the sofa, a crocodile appeared under the carpet, a drum was attached to the mirror, and a brick was hidden between the books on the shelf.
• So you can remember the right words thanks to unusual associations.

Reception "Chain"

This mnemonic technique will help you remember words that are not related to each other. Building an unusual chain of images in your head, you can, for example, make shopping lists.

When going to the store, you need to buy the following:

• milk;
• a pineapple;
• toothpaste;
• buckwheat;
• sour cream.

Now, in order not to forget anything, come up with a funny story. The more unusual and absurd it will be, the better. So you quickly remember the information. For example: "Milk played on pineapple, buckwheat didn’t like it, she ran to the pineapple, but sour cream stopped her, and buckwheat mixed with sour cream."

In this way, you can remember from five to a hundred unfamiliar words.

Techniques for storing numerical information

Consider how you can remember numbers. The most difficult is the assimilation of numbers. The association method will help here.

• Shaped row. Prepare a matrix of images in advance, each of which corresponds to a certain number. For example: one is a card, two is a glass, three is a bird and so on.
• Method for creating a series of images. The most effective will be the use for digital designation of their graphic images and similarities with other objects. For example: the number 0 is like a clock, a globe, since these objects and zero have a rounded outline. The number 1 is associated with a pencil, candle, nail. Two resembles a chess horse, a swan. In this order, add the remaining numbers with your associative series.

If you want numbers to be deposited in your memory, or if you are wondering how to remember dates by history, then this technique will allow you to efficiently learn digital information based on the created images.

Techniques for memorizing text information

Many schoolchildren and students, and adults associated with paper work, are interested in the question of how to remember the text. In fact, having trained, it’s easy to do. We will dwell on several such methods in more detail.

RWD method

The name of this exercise for the brain and memory consists of the first letters in the designation of the main stages of memorizing the text: the main idea, careful reading, review, refinement. Consider what the essence of each stage is in more detail.

1. Main thought. It is necessary to read the text meaningfully. Here it is necessary to perceive textual information and highlight the main thoughts contained in it. To do this, emphasize the necessary. As an option, write down the necessary material on a separate sheet. For example, you need to remember the rule for spelling complex adjectives. When reading a paragraph in a textbook, emphasize the main cases associated with this spelling.
2. Attentive reading. This step is a re-reading. When you read the text for the second time, pay attention to the details and details. To do this, the reading should be unhurried, as well as be careful and thoughtful. The main goal of this method is to mentally link the details and the smallest details to the main thoughts of the text. So, reading the material repeatedly, pay attention to specific examples that describe the main cases of writing complex adjectives.
3. Overview. The name of the stage speaks for itself. Here the text is viewed fluently. Moreover, the viewing does not start from the beginning, but from the end. The task of the stage is to draw up an approximate outline of the text and remember it as a sequence of realization of basic thoughts. To do this, when reading, ask questions on the highlighted items. For example, when spelling complex adjectives, we distinguish two cases: through a hyphen and together. Each of them includes subparagraphs with examples.
4. Debugging. Now we are trying to repeat the text from memory. This is carried out as follows: first you need to remember the main points and after that go on to the details. At the same time, try not to look anywhere. Then read the plan again, noting the dangerous places: what is forgotten or was lost, but it is important.

This example of a mnemonic technique of memorization is best suited for the assimilation of textual information of a small volume. This technique has a cumulative effect. Having mastered the new information, repeat it a little later. This is due to the fact that it can be quickly forgotten. When using this technique over time, the effect of memorization will improve.

Cicero method

Named after a Roman orator and statesman, this technique is effective if you want to remember a large text. You can meet this method also under other names - a room system or a method of places.

Cicero, speaking in public, never relied on written text. At the same time, his speeches were always very successful. How to remember a text using the Cicero method?

The application of this mnemonic method is reduced to the mental arrangement of important facts in a certain order in a well-known setting. The main thing is to determine the sequence of walks in the rooms in accordance with the location of the material. Each block of information should be associated with specific rooms. Starting with large spaces, over time you can move on to smaller details.

Using the technique for the first time, it is better to really walk around the house, "arranging" the material in the right places. Subsequently, this need will disappear. It will be enough to mentally repeat the remembered route.

For example, you need to remember an entire chapter on economics, Market Models. Start with your room. Moving around the house gradually, read the material. Each model of a market economy is a specific room. After again, go through the rooms, while trying not to use the textbook.