Which country is NIS: Canada, Sweden, Kazakhstan, or Thailand? To answer a similar question, you need to understand the features of economic development in the states of this group. But this is what our information article will help you with.
NIS is ...
What is NIS? And how to decrypt this abbreviation?
NIS are the so-called new industrial countries. In the original (in English) it sounds like this: newly industrialized country, or NIC for short. By the way, very often in Russian you can find a reduction in the form of NIC.
NIS is a group of states that differ in common features of socio-economic development. The main feature that unites them is the rapid economic growth that has occurred (or is occurring) in a fairly short time frame.
NIS includes countries that are located on different continents of the Earth. Which ones? This will be discussed later.
Key features of NIS countries
Among the key features of the group of NIS countries are the following:
- high and rapid rates of economic growth;
- dynamic changes in macroeconomics;
- structural changes in the national economy;
- increasing professionalism of the workforce;
- active participation in international trade;
- wide attraction of foreign capital and investments;
- high proportion of manufacturing in the GDP structure (over 20%).
Scientists and economists attribute this or that state to the NIS group according to several basic parameters (indicators). It:
- size of GDP (per capita);
- growth rates (average annual);
- the share of manufacturing in the structure of GDP;
- total exports of goods;
- volume of foreign direct investment.
NIS countries (list)
NIS countries have emerged as a separate group from developing countries. This process began around the middle of the 1960s. Today NIS includes the states of Asia, America and Africa. Four stages (or waves) can be distinguished in the formation of this group of countries.
So, all NIS countries (list):
- the first wave: these are the so-called "East Asian tigers" (Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong and South Korea), as well as the three states of America - Brazil, Argentina and Mexico;
- second wave: India, Malaysia, Thailand;
- the third wave includes Cyprus, Indonesia, Turkey and Tunisia;
- fourth wave: China and the Philippines.
The map below shows the location of all these countries on the planet.
Thus, today, 16 different states can be attributed to the NIS group. At the end of the twentieth century, geographers and economists could safely say that entire regions with stable and rapid economic growth were formed on Earth.
NIS: history and patterns of development
As a result of the influence of some factors in economically developed countries in the 60s of the twentieth century (such as the USA, Japan or Germany), the production of certain goods ceased to be profitable. We are talking about textiles, electronics, chemical products. In the end, their production was transferred to developing countries, which could boast of cheap labor and low land prices.
Over time, many multinational corporations began to place their production here. And those states that were the first to create a favorable climate for foreign investment were able to succeed economically. These were the NIS countries of the first wave of formation: South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan and others.
It is logical that over time, the new industrial countries of the first generation began to lose their obvious advantages compared with other developing countries. Now they have already begun to move part of their production (primarily labor-intensive) to nearby countries. They became: Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia. This happened already in the 80s. Even later, the Philippines, Vietnam, Sri Lanka and others were drawn into these processes.
Thus, in the history of the formation of the NIS, "stepwise industrialization" is observed. Developing technologically, each of the NIS countries eventually lost the lower stage in its development to the states of the next generation of industrialization.
NIS: economic development models
Among all the newly industrialized countries, several basic models of economic development can be distinguished . It:
- Asian model
- Latin American model.
The first is characterized by a small share of state ownership in the national economy. However, the influence of state institutions on the economies of these countries remains high. In the states of the Asian sector of the NIS, there is a certain "cult of loyalty" to "their" companies. The national economies of these countries are developing, focusing primarily on the foreign market.
The second model, Latin American, is characteristic of the states of South America, as well as Mexico. Here, on the contrary, there is a clear tendency towards the development of national economies with a focus on import substitution.
"East Asian Tigers" - the first among NIS
They are called differently: "East Asian tigers," "Little Asian dragons," "Four Asian tigers." All these are unofficial names of a group of the same countries. It is about South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan and Hong Kong. All of them showed very high rates of economic development in the last third of the twentieth century.
In the mid-1950s, South Korea in all respects belonged to the most backward countries in the world. In a short 30-year period, she was able to take a grand leap from poverty to high development. The country's GDP per capita during this time increased 385 times! Modern South Korea is a major center for shipbuilding and the automotive industry in Asia.
However, Singapore had the highest economic growth rate of the four at the end of the last century (about 14% per year). This tiny state is one of the largest oil refining centers in the world. In addition, high-tech industries are actively developing in Singapore. There are quite a lot of foreign tourists here (over 8 million annually).
Other NIS countries — Hong Kong and Taiwan — are more or less dependent on the PRC government. Significant for the economies of both of these countries is tourism. Taiwan is also a major center for the latest technology and nuclear power throughout Asia. And the country holds the world championship in the production of marine yachts!
Finally
After reading our article, you will definitely be able to answer the question: "Which country is NIS?" This group today includes at least 16 states that are located in Asia, America and Africa.
NIS is a group of countries that differ in a number of characteristic features. This is, first of all, rapid economic growth, a high percentage of manufacturing in the GDP structure, active participation in the international distribution of labor, as well as the wide attraction of foreign investment in the development of its economy.