In a healthy body, bile is produced in the liver, from where it enters the gallbladder. Accumulating there, the liquid becomes more concentrated. When food, entering the stomach, begins to be digested, bile is needed for complete cleavage, which is thrown into the duodenum from the gall bladder.
Diets necessary to maintain the optimal level of digestive system function in case of diseases or removal of this accumulative organ should ensure normal digestion of food and avoid discomfort and any disturbances.
What is bile and why is it needed
For the full processing of food of various quality, bile is necessary. This substance consists of water, fatty acids, cholesterol and inorganic substances, however, this substance emulsifies fats and improves the products of their breakdown. In addition, bile is necessary for the processing, absorption and prevention of decay of other nutrients in the digestive system of each person.
As soon as the food has entered the stomach, the process of secretion of bile begins in the digestive tract: liquid enters the duodenum through the common bile duct from the gall bladder and the main duct of the pancreas. This fluid produces one of the largest glands in the body - the liver. The secret ceases to enter the digestive system immediately after the last portion of food leaves the stomach, i.e., when gastric digestion is converted into intestinal.
Since insufficient or inadequate supply of bile leads to insufficient digestion, which often occurs after surgery to remove the gallbladder, diet becomes an extremely important stage in the life of every person.
Where is bile stored?
The fluid necessary for the natural digestive process is produced by liver cells and enters the bile ducts. Gradually moving along them, she begins to fill the gall bladder, where it remains until the next portion of food.
The gall bladder is a small muscle organ, the volume of which does not exceed 60-80 milliliters. Nevertheless, hepatic secretion here becomes more concentrated.
With irregular nutrition, when prolonged fasting is replaced by overeating, stagnant processes occur in the gallbladder. This leads to a decrease in the intensity of the outflow of bile and disturbances in the functioning of the organ. After some time, crystals and stones begin to form in the bile storage. In severe cases of pathological processes, as well as with exacerbations of the disease, the doctor may recommend the removal of the gallbladder as an emergency method.
However, the absence of this organ does not guarantee that the patient will never again have gallstones. Their appearance can result either in a change in the composition of bile, or in its stagnation.
Its composition directly depends on how well a person eats. In case of nutritional disorders, undesirable processes associated with stone formation can be repeated, but only now in the bile ducts.
A diet with a gallbladder in the stage of inflammation or exacerbation should take into account the degree of stress on the digestive system and the likelihood of the formation of other concomitant diseases. The state of his physical health depends on what the patient during this period consumes in his diet.
Pathological processes in the gallbladder
Pathologies that occur in the biliary system are most often caused by the appearance of violations of the organ due to malnutrition or non-compliance with food intake regimes. Often this leads to the removal of the gallbladder (diet after surgery becomes much more stringent).
Cholelithiasis
In another way, this disease is called cholelithiasis, since it is accompanied by the appearance of calculus stones in the bladder or biliary tract. Their appearance is promoted by an excess of cholesterol in the bile and infectious diseases, leading to violations of its outflow.
Most often, after 40 years, women with a history of pregnancy and overweight are affected by manifestations of gallstone disease. In men, this disease manifests itself at an older age, with a tendency to alcoholism and abuse of foods high in cholesterol.
A prolonged asymptomatic course, ignoring the first symptoms of gallbladder disease, a diet that is improperly selected and aggravating the state of the body, lead to an acute attack and the need for urgent hospitalization.
Biliary duct dyskinesia
Violation (dyskinesia) of the function of the reduction of the biliary tract is formed against a background of constant psychoemotional stress and stress. Another factor in the development of this disease is a violation of the diet. The gallbladder and / or biliary tract begin to suffer due to long breaks between meals.
Cholecystitis
In most patients, cholecystitis develops against a background of cholelithiasis, which contributes to the development of inflammatory and necrotic processes in the gallbladder.
Less common are chronic stoneless forms of cholecystitis that develop against the background of bacterial infections and parasitic infestations. Allergic processes, as well as some diseases of the digestive system (especially hepatitis and pancreatitis), difficulties in the passage of bile can also become the causes of cholecystitis.
All this indicates that in diseases of the gallbladder, diet is a determining factor in preventing the further development of the pathological process.
Cholangitis
In acute and chronic course of cholangitis, inflammation of the bile ducts is characteristic. As a rule, this pathology arises in the form of a complication against the background of the underlying disease with bacterial exposure or mechanical damage during the movement of stones, after operations and with scarring, causing a narrowing of the biliary tract. Therefore, a properly selected diet after gallbladder surgery is one of the most important points in rehabilitation therapy.
Cholangitis has several types and can occur in the form of obstructive, recurrent, secondary sclerosing, bacterial forms of the disease. With purulent and bacterial cholangitis, the attack develops within a few days and requires adequate medical exposure. In the absence of competent treatment, in most cases a fatal outcome is possible.
The importance of diet after laparoscopy of the gallbladder
With any surgical intervention, each patient must be especially careful about his diet and carefully follow other doctor's recommendations. With nutritional disorders, liver function may be complicated, and bile may also accumulate due to the impossibility of timely outflow to the intestines. This often leads to inflammation in the stomach, duodenum, or pancreas.
After removal of the gallbladder (laparoscopy), diet No. 5 is a prerequisite for the rapid recovery and recovery of the patient.
What to eat
After surgery to remove the gallbladder, the recommended diet is based on several general rules.
First of all, drinking water before every meal is extremely important. Each time you should drink at least one glass of liquid.
All food and drinks included in the diet should be warm, but not hot or cold. Eat at least five times a day in small portions. All dishes must be cooked by stewing, boiling or steaming.
You can not eat fried food, since the substances contained in them form compounds that cause intensive production of gastric juice. This leads to additional stress on the mucous membranes of the digestive tract.
In the question of what should be included in the daily diet after laparoscopy of the gallbladder, it is worth being guided by common sense and the recommendations of the attending physician.
Diet number 5
A diet program aimed at restoring the body after an operation and the speedy recovery of the patient, involves the use of:
- first courses cooked in vegetable and fish broth, as well as broth cooked on lean meat;
- second courses of boiled, stewed or steamed fish, poultry, lean beef and veal;
- porridge (in priority - buckwheat and oatmeal, it’s better not to use semolina at all);
- baked or slightly steamed fruits;
- stewed vegetables;
- dairy products (except cheese) and 9% cottage cheese.
Diet No. 5 after surgery on the gallbladder allows the use of fats (vegetable, a small amount of butter and sour cream) in the daily diet only after 1.5-2 months after the surgery.
What to exclude
After removal of the gallbladder (laparoscopy) in the patient's diet should be absent:
- fatty meat of fish and poultry;
- fat and brisket;
- any smoked meats and sausages;
- fish and meat preservation;
- spicy, salty, sour food, as well as marinades and spices;
- mushrooms in all types of cooking;
- legumes;
- carbonated drinks and alcohol;
- any sweets, except slightly boiled fruits and dried fruits;
- strong tea and coffee.
In addition, you must refrain from smoking.
Despite the fact that after laparoscopy, a diet with a number of restrictions is recommended, even with its observance, you can prepare tasty and interesting dishes. Such dishes will be useful not only for the recovering person, but also for other family members. Thus, the habit of eating properly can appear in all households.