Cervical conization is a gynecological manipulation, which is a conical excision of pathological tissues of the cervical canal in the form of a cone. Tissue removal is carried out not only within the pathological area, but also a part of healthy tissues is captured in order to exclude the possible degeneration of other tissues. Cervical conization is a type of therapeutic biopsy, as after tissue removal, they are sent for histological examination to confirm the diagnosis.
Cervical conization is used as a treatment and diagnostic method for dysplastic cervical processes. The misconception is that conization is indicated for erosion. More often than not, erosion lends itself well to conservative therapy and does not require conization. However, if colposcopy revealed atypical cells in the area of erosion, it means that perhaps the patient needs conization.
After conization was carried out, and pathological tissues were examined, the final diagnosis can be made. Sometimes, after conization, not all pathological cells are excised, and they can multiply further. To prevent this situation, women are recommended to see a gynecologist once every 6 months and conduct diagnostic colposcopy. If after some time atypical cells are again detected, then conization must be repeated.
Conization of the cervix is a fairly common manipulation in gynecology, which in most cases prevents malignant degeneration of cells. But there are many cases when, after conization, patients are diagnosed with cervical cancer (cancer). In this situation, patients are recommended to remove the uterus - a hysterectomy.
If after conization a cancer with deep germination into the surrounding tissues was detected, then a course of chemotherapy and radiation therapy is necessary. These methods help slow down the development of the tumor and prevent metastasis.
Conization can be carried out in three ways:
- Excising the edges of the scalpel is the most common way and the very first.
- Using a carbon dioxide laser. It is believed that this method is characterized by minimal trauma and the absence of complications.
- Electrosurgical loop excision is one of the latest methods of conization, but also quite effective.
However, it should be noted that despite all the advantages of the laser and loop method, they complicate further diagnostics. After all, after excising the edges in such ways, they are sealed and destroyed, and accordingly it is impossible to determine the remaining pathological cells in the cervix.
The following disorders are possible after conization of the cervix:
- bleeding in the first week (a rather dangerous symptom, because in some situations it can lead to death)
- brown vaginal discharge within 1-3 weeks after conization
menstrual irregularities
- cramping pains in the lower abdomen
- infertility due to narrowing of the cervical canal
- early disclosure of the cervix in childbirth
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Pregnancy after conization of the cervix can occur six months later, provided there are no complications. Patients after conization during pregnancy should be observed more carefully and carefully relate to their feelings. It is necessary to conduct a cytological examination 1 time per month. Childbirth after conization is most often performed using cesarean section (but this is not considered an absolute indication), however, if a woman insists on an independent birth, and she does not have other contraindications, then under strict control of a midwife and a doctor, delivery can be performed without cesarean section.