Each enterprise uses various types of resources in its work. They are necessary for the uninterrupted production of goods. Let us further consider what relates to the category of material and technical resources.
Classification
The following types of resources exist:
- Labor. They represent the population of the state participating in the formation of GDP in accordance with the educational and qualification level. Labor is considered one of the key elements of the country's economic potential.
- Financial. These resources comprise the funds that are at the disposal of the company. Financial resources include depreciation, profit, etc.
- Natural. This type of resource is a part of the usable environment.
- Energy. These include energy carriers used in production.
- Material. They are constituted by a complex of objects and objects of labor, a set of things that a person influences in the process of production activity.
- Production. They represent the means of labor by which a person acts on objects to obtain products.
Organization's material and technical resources
They are objects of labor, which are used in auxiliary and primary industries. The main feature by which material and technical resources are classified is their origin. For example, non-metals and wood products are used in production. The latter are obtained in the process of forest processing. Non-metals are created in chemical industries. Another criterion by which material and technical resources are classified is their purpose. For example, raw materials can be used for the manufacture of components, semi-finished products, and final products.
Characteristics
There are specific properties that material and technical resources possess. These are, in particular, such characteristics as thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, heat capacity, hardness, viscosity, density. Other properties are:
- The form. Items can be made in the form of slats, hexagons, rods, beams and so on.
- Dimensions Objects can be medium, large, small in size, of various sizes.
- Physical state - solid, in the form of a liquid or gas.
Enlarged separation
The classification of material and technical resources depending on the purpose is carried out into the following groups:
- Raw materials. It is used in the production of energy and other material resources.
- Semi-finished products. They are processed.
- Materials They are used in auxiliary and main industries.
- Accessories. They are used to create the final product.
- Finished products. It provides the needs of consumers.
Raw materials
He provides material and technical support for the resources involved in further production. Raw materials form the basis of the finished product or semi-finished product. It is divided into several categories. First of all, industrial raw materials are allocated. It is artificial and mineral. The first includes plastics and synthetic resins, skin substitutes, a variety of detergents. Mineral fuel and energy resources include uranium, peat, oil shale, coal, oil, natural gas; mining and chemical - agronomic ores used in the production of fertilizers, barite, from which white paints are obtained, fluorspar for metallurgy and the chemical industry, sulfur; technical - mica, graphite, diamonds; construction - clay, sand, stone, etc. Agricultural raw materials are of no small importance in production. It is divided into resources:
- Vegetable. These include technical and grain crops.
- Animals. They are milk, meat, wool, raw skin, eggs.
In addition, raw materials from the fishing and forest industries are involved in the production.
Materials
They act as the basis for semi-finished products, components, consumer and industrial products. Materials are divided into auxiliary and basic. The latter include those species that are directly included in the composition of finished products. Auxiliary material and technical resources are objects that are not included in the created product, but without them its production is impossible. The indicated categories are divided into classes, types, groups, subgroups, subclasses. An enlarged classification is carried out into the following categories: non-metals and metals, gaseous, solid, liquid, bulk.
Semi-finished products
They represent very important material and technical resources for production . The use of semi-finished products allows the company to save on the creation of raw materials for products. These objects are processed before turning into finished products. Semi-finished products come in two types. The first includes partially manufactured products at the enterprise, transferred from one unit to another. The organization receives the second category of semi-finished products from another company. These objects can undergo both one-time processing and multi-operation according to special schemes.
Accessories
They represent the finished elements of the final product. Like semi-finished products, they are transferred from one enterprise to another. Components are used for assembly of finished products, repairs, packaging, etc.
Final products
It consists of consumer and industrial goods. Products are sold to intermediate or end users. Individual consumer goods can be multiple or continuous operation, everyday or special demand, pre-selection.
Recyclable materials
Secondary material and technical resources are the remnants of semi-finished products, components and other objects formed in the production process. Recyclable materials completely or partially lose their original properties. Secondary materials can be formed during the decommissioning of parts, the dismantling of units, machines, assemblies and other fixed assets.
Analysis
One of the most important areas of management is the management of material and technical resources. At the same time, an analysis of the efficiency of fixed assets is an integral element of this activity. Other things being equal, the production volume will be the higher, the better the enterprise is provided with material and technical resources. The company should be organized control of the consumption of raw materials. Analysis of material, technical and financial resources allows us to identify the most promising areas of their application.