Low purine diet (also known as hypopurine) is a treatment table designed for people suffering from gout. The disease occurs due to an unbalanced, malnutrition, which, in turn, leads to the accumulation of uric acid salts in the joints. Therefore, a change in diet, as well as control of foods consumed, is a fundamental factor in the treatment of gout. To properly compose the menu, you need to become more familiar with the enemies - purines. Find out which products they contain and which are safe to eat. Also in the article there are several examples of menus that will allow you to get a clear idea of what the diet should be like.
Important Low Purine Diet Information
Good nutrition is an integral part of therapy. Inflammatory processes in the joints give a person a lot of discomfort. Gout is a metabolic disorder in which it is possible to alleviate symptoms and reduce the likelihood of complications precisely by correcting nutrition. Why is it important? Uric acid is formed in the body - this is the result of an exchange of purine bases. This happens in the liver. This condition is also called hyperuricemia. Symptoms of increased uric acid in the blood:
- soreness in the joints: first the hands and feet are affected, and then the larger joints;
- hyperthermia and redness of the skin - occurs if pathology is not treated.
- pain in the lower back, abdomen, painful urination - appear due to damage to the digestive system and urinary system.
- frequent headaches, insomnia, hypertension, angina pectoris, heart attack caused by damage to the heart and blood vessels;
- formation of tartar.
Pathology occurs in children. Only in them it is expressed by skin lesions. Such children often suffer from dermatitis, diathesis and even psoriasis.
Who needs a low purine diet? The treatment table is prescribed for urolithiasis. This pathology is independent or secondary, that is, it occurs against the background of gout. Both diseases are associated with impaired salt metabolism. Therefore, in therapy, similar nutritional schemes are used.
The hypopurin diet is based on the exclusion of purine-rich foods from the diet. This is a material that fills the structure of cells. When purines break down, urea forms. If there is a lot of it, this leads to the development of gout. That is why it is so important to exclude such foods from the diet.
In medical dietetics there is a table number 6. This is a nutritional scheme developed by Pevzner, a general practitioner who is directly involved in the creation of the first Institute of Nutrition in the USSR, and is also the founder of dietetics. Patients can take advantage of his recommendations regarding the preparation of the menu. Also, the attending physician can fully paint the diet. The advantage of the latter option is that the doctor will do this on the basis of the characteristics of the organism of a particular patient.
Allowed and Prohibited Products
Diet implies the exclusion of most of the usual food from the diet. What can and cannot be eaten is listed in the table below. Purines in foods can be found in large, moderate and small quantities. The daily norm of a healthy person is 700-1000 mg. At the same time, patients with gout should consume such substances no more than 100-150 mg.
Product type | Can | It is impossible |
Vegetables | Beets, carrots, cucumbers, green bell pepper, potatoes, pumpkin, tomatoes | Sorrel, cauliflower, spinach, pickled and salted vegetables, legumes |
Meat | Up to 3 times in 7 days it is allowed to include in the menu boiled or steamed meat or poultry of low-fat type | Meat of young animals, liver, brains and kidneys, canned food, meat semi-finished products |
Flour products | Stale wheat and rye bread, bran baked goods, crackers | Cakes with cream, puff pastry and pastry (occasionally possible) |
Fish | Up to 3 times in 7 days in boiled or baked form. Or steamed low-fat fish | Fatty species of sea and river fish, sardines, canned and preserved food, herring, smoked fish |
Cereals | All types of cereals are allowed, but in limited quantities. | |
Sweets, fruits | Walnuts and hazelnuts, marmalade and fruit cream, jelly, pastille. Fresh, dried or boiled pears, plums, grapes and apricots | Sweets with dyes, meringues, chocolate, raspberries, figs |
Milk products | Not sharp and not salty cheese, yogurt, cottage cheese, sour cream, milk and low-fat kefir | |
Eggs | Up to 1 pc. boiled or scrambled eggs per day | |
Liquid dishes, spices and sauces | Secondary meat broth and soups based on it. Tomato, sour cream and milk sauces. Cinnamon. | Strong broths. |
Beverages | Rosehip broth, juices, unsweetened coffee and tea, mineral and plain water | Strong teas, hot chocolate, cocoa, strong coffee, carbonated drinks with dyes, alcoholic drinks |
Salads and snacks | Vinaigrette, fresh vegetable salad, squash and eggplant caviar | |
Fats | Butter and vegetable oil | Lard, pork, beef and cooking fats |
General nutrition guidelines
The foods with purines listed in the table need to be literally memorized, but this is not the only thing people suffering from gout need to know. There are a number of rules that are also recommended to follow:
- The total amount of food is divided into several receptions (fractional nutrition). Portions should be small.
- Do not overeat. This will help the small portioned dishes, which need to replace the usual.
- Eat meat and fish in small portions. A day is allowed to eat up to 150 g of the first and 170 g of the second product.
- Strongly limit salt intake. It is impossible to refuse it completely, but it is necessary to reduce it to a minimum.
- Not to starve. Lack of food negatively affects health. Therefore, the best option is to arrange fasting days.
The role of fasting days in the hypopurine diet
It is necessary to carry them out necessarily, as this has a positive effect on the well-being of the patient. We can say that in a diet with gout and increased uric acid, this is a separate point that should be observed. It is impossible to completely refuse food even for one day. It is recommended to eat red apples and drink herbal or green tea. A salad of two types of vegetables is suitable, low-fat sour cream with cottage cheese. On fasting days, boiled rice with milk is used. You need to cook 70 g of cereal and stretch it for the whole day. Such fasting days will positively affect both health and well-being. It is recommended to carry them out once a week.
Medical table No. 6 according to Pevzner
The diet, developed by one of the best specialists in the field of nutrition of the USSR, can significantly improve the patient's condition. Its goal is to normalize the purine metabolism and cleanse the body of harmful substances, as well as to reduce the amount of uric acid and its salts.
Treatment table No. 6 is a low purine diet for men and women, in which the BJU norms and daily calorie content are observed. Proteins contain about 75 g, carbohydrates - 400 g, fats - 85 g. Calorie content is 2750 kcal. 1500 ml of liquid and 10 g of salt are included.
A prerequisite is the initial boiling of fish and meat. Only then can they be subjected to other heat treatment, for example, fry, stew, bake.
Cereals are allowed any, but in moderation. You can enjoy marmalade, jam, honey and pastille. Vegetarian soups are prepared on a secondary broth. That is, when it boils, wait 3-4 minutes, then drain the water, and boil the meat a second time. It is possible to cook soup, potato, vegetable and with the addition of cereals soups, borscht, beetroots. You can many vegetables, fruits, berries and dried fruits, both fresh and after heat treatment.
Various dairy products, salads, eggplant and zucchini caviar and vegetable sauces are also allowed with this diet. Table 6 includes potatoes, which are especially useful and from which you can make many different dishes. It is recommended to drink more water, green tea, compotes and decoctions. Weak tea or coffee is allowed, but with milk, as these products contain the highest number of purines.
Illegal foods include concentrated broths on meat, fish and mushrooms. You can not eat legumes and spinach, sorrel, smoked meats, pickles, canned food, fish caviar. Even mushrooms and offal will be harmful. Limit the intake of oxalic acid-containing foods. What kind of food is it present in? In large quantities - in cocoa beans, beets, spinach, sprouted wheat, some nuts and dry biscuits. In moderate - in chocolate, oatmeal, raspberries, parsley, eggplant.
The basic rules of the hypopurine diet
All important information has been outlined above. Also, patients who make up a low purine diet on their own should be aware that the amount of protein consumed in their daily diet should be reduced to about 100 g. It may be less, but not more. Meanwhile, protein is an important element for the construction of new cells. Therefore, it is also impossible to limit it strongly.
Only low-fat foods should be included in the diet. If there is obesity, the menu is designed in such a way that the amount of carbohydrates received is as low as possible. The diet is based on low-calorie foods, which will help to gradually get rid of excess weight. You may need the help of a nutritionist.
You need to drink more than ordinary water - at least 1500 ml per day. If there are diseases of the cardiovascular system, it is necessary to discuss the norm with your doctor. Limit salt intake to about 10 g per day.
How to make a diet?
The diet is based on the above list of products. A low purine diet should be balanced so that the body receives all the substances necessary for its proper functioning. If making a menu yourself is difficult, you can seek help from a doctor or find ready-made options. But in general, there is nothing complicated in this matter if you know which products are prohibited and which are allowed.
In the diet, you can include dishes prepared according to such recipes:
- Carrot salad. Grate the vegetable, boil and chop the egg. Mix foods, add crackers and season salad with low-fat sour cream.
- Milk noodle soup. Boil 1 liter of milk in a saucepan. Break the vermicelli into small pieces. Put in milk and cook for 15 minutes until tender.
- Fruit and berry salad. Be sure to include it in the low purine diet menu. Peel the apple and pear, then cut into slices. Kiwi turn into mashed potatoes. Mix all the products together, season with yogurt or sour cream. You can add a few cloves of strawberries.
Hypopurin diet gives the first positive results in a short period of time, if you follow all the recommendations and follow the agreed rules. After about a week, the patient's condition improves significantly, and the symptoms soften. This positively affects not only the physical condition of a person and his general well-being, but also has a beneficial effect on the emotional sphere.
Below are a few diet options for gout and high uric acid. They are examples of how to make a diet yourself. You can also use these options for daily meals.
Option hypopurine diet number 1
Monday:
- Breakfast - baked pumpkin in the oven, boiled egg, grain bread and tea with honey.
- Snack - carrot juice.
- Lunch - chicken noodle soup and chicken meatballs.
- Snack - beetroot and carrot caviar and herbal tea.
- Dinner - boiled fish fillet and apple juice.
- Before going to bed - a little cottage cheese and kefir.
Tuesday:
- Breakfast - cottage cheese pudding with sour cream, chicory and oatmeal cookies.
- A snack is a banana.
- Lunch - beetroot, oven-baked turkey meat with vegetables.
- Snack - weak tea and carrot salad.
- Dinner - oven-baked potatoes and green tea.
- Before going to bed - milk and blueberry jam.
Wednesday:
- Breakfast - wheat porridge, herbal tea with crackers.
- Snack - milk with biscuit cookies.
- Lunch - vegetable soup with sour cream, boiled turkey meat.
- Snack - vegetable salad and green tea.
- Dinner - vegetable stew and fruit tea.
- Before going to bed - fermented baked milk.
Thursday:
- Breakfast - cottage cheese and compote.
- Snack - baked zucchini with sour cream and cucumber juice (very useful in a low purine diet).
- Lunch - vegetarian borscht and potato balls.
- Snack - tea and pancakes with jam.
- Dinner - vegetable stew and juice.
- Before going to bed - berry compote.
Friday:
- Breakfast - milk noodle soup and green tea with milk.
- Snack - cottage cheese and broth of wild rose with honey.
- Lunch - pearl milk soup with crackers.
- Snack - a salad of fresh vegetables, seasoned with oil, a rosehip broth.
- Dinner - baked fish and dried fruit compote.
- Before going to bed - a glass of kefir.
Saturday:
- Breakfast - a loaf of bread with a slice of cheese and tea.
- Snack - a boiled egg and a glass of fruit juice.
- Lunch - vegetable soup, vinaigrette and stewed fish.
- Snack - jelly with crackers.
- Dinner - vegetable salad with potato skewers, compote.
- Before going to bed - kefir with dried fruits.
Sunday:
- Breakfast - oatmeal, a slice of cheese and compote.
- Snack - bell pepper salad with tomatoes, seasoned with olive oil, compote.
- Lunch - buckwheat soup and boiled fish with rice.
- Snack - tea with bread and cottage cheese.
- Dinner - fruit salad with yogurt, green tea and cookies.
- Before going to bed - fermented baked milk.
Since fasting days are important when following a low purine diet with gout, it is recommended that one of them be “cleaned” of good nutrition.
Option hypopurine diet number 2
It is proposed to make a weekly diet yourself from the following dishes.
For breakfast:
- pumpkin pancakes with raisins;
- carrot casserole with fruit;
- carrot curd;
- buckwheat;
- weak teas and coffee;
- millet porridge with apples;
- toasts with butter or cheese.
For lunch:
- potato and carrot balls;
- vegetable stew;
- cabbage soup with rye crackers;
- braised cabbage;
- beef cutlets;
- rice porrige;
- carrot or squash soup;
- potato and cabbage salad;
- tomato and grant juice;
- potato and fish pie;
- milk noodle soup.
For dinner:
- stuffed cabbage from vegetables;
- corn porridge with yogurt;
- salad with eggs, carrots and crackers;
- oatmeal with applesauce;
- lingonberry broth, yogurt, milk or jelly;
- beetroot salad;
- pasta casserole;
- pancakes with strawberries;
- pepper stuffed with rice;
- pumpkin pudding;
- a fresh vegetable salad.
For a snack:
- curd souffle;
- blueberry apricot jelly;
- blackberry and banana cocktail;
- cereal with milk;
- blueberry-yogurt cake;
- fruit salad;
- cereal yogurt;
- melon;
- peach with yogurt;
- strawberries with cream;
- carrot juice.
It is important not to forget that the portions should be small.
Option hypopurine diet number 3
This is the treatment table No. 6 proposed by Pevzner. The diet is soft, the menu is quite diverse. Another option:
- Breakfast: vinaigrette with sour cream, a slice of bread with butter, cottage cheese, tea.
- Snack: fried eggs, buckwheat, juice.
- Lunch: soup with vegetables with sour cream, meat, fried in crackers, fried potatoes with sauerkraut.
- Snack: compote.
- Dinner: vegetable cutlets, pasta casserole, jelly.
- Snack: a bun with a glass of milk.
Making a menu will not be difficult even for a person who is far from medicine and dietetics. The main thing is to remember the list of food that can be consumed, and purine-containing foods that are prohibited.