People in the cafe or restaurant are served a catalog of dishes that can be ordered for dinner or lunch. This list is divided into groups (cold appetizers, drinks, hot dishes) and is called the “menu”. But sometimes a different meaning is put into the term, given that the diet can significantly affect the course of the disease and the patient’s recovery. What is a health food menu and what are the most common types of diets?
Treatment menu requirements
To the menu as a set of dishes specially prepared for each meal and served in a certain order, a number of requirements are presented. So, it should be balanced and contain the amount of carbohydrates, proteins, fats and trace elements that a person needs. It is necessary to take into account the consumed number of kilocalories to replenish the energy spent per day and avoid obesity. On average, an adult requires 2800-3000 kilocalories.
When answering the question about what a therapeutic menu is, one must proceed from the following conditions:
- The diet should fully comply with the medical diet in terms of composition, cooking technology and quality of products.
- You need a competent combination of dishes for each meal.
- Tastes of patients should be taken into account to form a positive attitude while observing food restrictions.
- The cost of products should correspond to the money allocated for food.
The main principles of a diet
In sanatoriums, child care facilities and hospitals they know what a menu of therapeutic nutrition is and follow the necessary diet for a weakened body. Medicine allocates 15 varieties of food ration, depending on the disease. They are called "table" under a specific number (from 1 to 15). The basis of 1-5 tables is laid on the gentle principle, thanks to which the patient facilitates the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract during food processing. There are several types of sparing diet (menu for the day):
- Mechanical. It involves chopping food raw or after heat treatment: grated vegetables, mashed potatoes, cooking soup puree.
- Chemical. The mode involves the exclusion from the diet of substances that contribute to the disruption of the functions of the suffering organ (salt, sugar, spicy seasonings), or changes in the way they are prepared. For example, using baked apple instead of fresh, steamed cutlets instead of fried.
- Thermal. This mode requires the exclusion of temperature stimuli that weaken the activity of the diseased organ. So, with gastrointestinal diseases, it should be remembered that an excessively high food temperature slows down motility and has an irritating effect. Low - reduces gastric secretion. The maximum temperature should be 60 degrees, and the minimum - 15.
Therapeutic menu (1 table)
Considering the most common types of diets, you should dwell on the features of nutrition with a stomach ulcer or duodenum. This is table 1, which in some cases is also used for patients in the stage of exacerbation of gastritis. The goal is to accelerate the healing of ulcers and relieve inflammation of the gastric mucosa or duodenum. It is characterized by fractional nutrition (5-6 times), moderation of the diet, with the exception of products that cause increased secretion, and preference in cooking technology for cooking or steaming. Drink plenty of water (1.5-2 liters per day) and use of mashed food. Eggs should be eaten only soft-boiled.
The menu, taking into account all the requirements, can be as follows:
- Breakfast: grated milk porridge (buckwheat or millet), chicken egg, tea (preferably with milk).
- Second breakfast: baked pear (100 g).
- Lunch: milk soup (with rice or noodles), steamed veal meatballs, mashed potatoes, fruit jelly.
- Snack: infusion of rose hips, crackers from white bread.
- Dinner: steamed river fish, mashed potatoes, tea.
Menu, normalizing the digestive tract
Every doctor knows what a menu (2 tables) of therapeutic nutrition for gastritis with secretory insufficiency is. The disease is accompanied by colitis, enteritis, requiring stimulation of the secretory function of the stomach. This diet is prescribed without concomitant liver disease. Her goal is to normalize gastrointestinal motility. In addition to the requirements for a therapeutic diet (table 1), the full use of fiber and products rich in collagen and elastin is required. As well as the complete exclusion of indigestible food while maintaining the thermal regime.
The menu may include:
- Breakfast: soft-boiled chicken egg, oatmeal in water or milk, green tea.
- Second breakfast: cocoa.
- Lunch: chicken broth with pasta, steam cutlet, vegetable puree, fruit jelly.
- Dinner: jellied fish, rice pudding, fruit sauce, tea.
- Before going to bed: low-fat kefir.
Table number 3
The menu is used for people suffering from intestinal diseases, as well as constipation, including obstruction. Its purpose is to enhance the peristalsis of this organ. Nutrition should be strictly fractional and exclude everything that leads to rotting and fermentation in the body. These are alkaline foods (berries and fruits, including dried fruits, root vegetables, greens, fresh milk, nuts, green beans), products such as flour and pastries from premium flour, butter, smoked meats, sausages, legumes, alcohol, coffee, tea , meat, eggs and fish, as well as cabbage, apples and pears, beer, champagne and sweets.
The following products can be used in the diet:
- Breakfast: fresh vegetables in the form of salad with boiled tuna, cottage cheese with honey, compote.
- Second breakfast: orange.
- Lunch: seafood soup, vegetable stew, weak tea with herbs.
- Snack: fresh pastille.
- Dinner: buckwheat porridge with the addition of butter, fish balls, compote.
- Before going to bed: low-fat kefir.
Menu for liver diseases
The treatment menu (5 table) is used for cholecystitis and hepatitis. It is used without concomitant diseases of the intestines and stomach. The goal is to normalize the functioning of the biliary tract and liver. The main thing on the menu is the exclusion of refractory fats, essential oils, oxalic acid and cholesterol-rich foods. It requires as much fluid as possible, lipotropic substances and fiber. It is acceptable to use stewing when cooking, but meat and fiber products require grinding.
The daily diet may be as follows:
- Breakfast: oatmeal in milk or water, cottage cheese with honey or sour cream, tea (you can add milk).
- Lunch: baked pear.
- Lunch: soup with vegetable broth, chicken white meat in milk sauce, a side dish of rice, dried fruit compote.
- Snack: infusion of rose hips.
- Dinner: river fish (steamed), mashed potatoes, cheesecake.
- At night: low-fat kefir.
Dietary diversity
The diet of the first five tables is designed to improve the activity of the digestive tract. Subject to it, recovery will certainly take place in a shorter time. RAMS has developed a treatment menu for other human systems, these are tables 6-15.