Gynecological diseases are found in almost every second woman. Among them, polycystic ovary is quite common. This pathology does not apply to infectious diseases. Therefore, it is impossible to become infected. In addition, a similar ailment is found only among women. In some cases, the pathology is formed in adolescence. Sometimes the disease is congenital. One of the treatment methods is considered laparoscopy for polycystic ovary. There are various reviews about this procedure. After all, it refers to one of the types of surgical interventions. Therefore, some women prefer to use other methods of treatment. However, according to doctors, sometimes this operation is necessary.
What is polycystic ovary?
Polycystic ovary refers to hormonal pathologies. The disease can be congenital and acquired throughout life (often in adulthood). In the first case, it is genetically determined, that is, it is formed in the embryonic period. Nevertheless, congenital polycystosis is diagnosed only in adolescence. Until this time, pathology does not manifest itself. Acquired polycystic ovary often develops against the background of endocrine disorders. These include diabetes mellitus, obesity, adrenal gland or thyroid disease. Sometimes polycystic is formed after brain injuries, prolonged use of hormonal drugs. The mechanism of development of this pathology consists in the following changes:
- Decreased estrogen and progesterone production. Increased levels of male sex hormones - androgens.
- Thickening of the ovary. As a result of this, the follicles are not destroyed, and the egg does not come out. Due to a violation of ovulation, infertility develops.
- Filling the follicles with fluid and the formation of cysts.
Similar changes occur if the pathology is acquired. In this case, the disease is called polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Its symptoms include: weight gain, hypertrichosis, infertility. Signs of congenital pathology are the underdevelopment of the "female appearance" (narrow pelvis, poorly formed mammary glands), acne, oligomenorrhea.
Laparoscopy for polycystic
Laparoscopy for polycystic ovary refers to surgical methods of treatment. It is used in cases where drug therapy does not help. This method of removing cysts from the ovaries is considered the most effective. In addition, compared with open surgery, laparoscopy is less traumatic. Other benefits include:
- Reducing the risk of complications.
- Shortening the postoperative period.
- Fast recovery.
- Minimal aesthetic defects (compared to open abdominal surgery).
Despite the obvious advantages of the method, disputes are still underway: is laparoscopy worthwhile for polycystic ovaries? After all, some doctors advise women to try drug therapy first. In fact, in some cases, conservative treatment helps to cope with polycystic. In order to restore the functions of the ovaries, female sex hormones are used. Medications that block the synthesis of androgens are also prescribed. However, drugs are not always effective. Especially in the case of an acquired disease. Therefore, if after the course of drug treatment the effect is not observed, laparoscopy for polycystic ovaries is recommended. This method means the removal of fluid formations from the body cavity using special surgical equipment. Incisions with laparoscopy are minimal, so they do not leave a cosmetic defect after healing. In most cases, this method helps to get rid of such a severe symptom as female infertility.
Varieties of laparoscopy for polycystic ovary
Laparoscopy for polycystic ovary can be performed in several ways. It depends on the goal pursued by the surgeon, as well as the technical capabilities of the medical institution. Like all similar surgical interventions, ovarian laparoscopy can be diagnostic and therapeutic. The first is carried out with suspected polycystic when the pathology has not yet been identified with accuracy. Often, diagnostic laparoscopy goes into medical manipulation. The second, in turn, is divided into several options. Among them:
- Ovarian decortization. This type of therapeutic laparoscopy is the removal of the upper shell of the organ. Thanks to decortization, the surface layer becomes thinner, allowing the follicles to mature and rupture.
- Cauterization of cysts. A similar treatment method is performed using laser equipment. The operation consists of several incisions on the surface of the ovary. The result is opening the cysts and removing their contents. After some time, normal organ tissue is restored.
- Ovarian resection. It is characterized by the removal of the part of the organ in which the cysts are located. This method cannot be used if fluid formations are located over the entire surface of the ovary.
- Electrothermocoagulation. This variant of therapeutic laparoscopy is an organ puncture in the places of cystic formations. At the same time, ovarian coagulation is performed to avoid the development of bleeding.
- Electrodrill It consists in the effect of current on the area of the cysts. The contents of the formations are deleted.
All of the listed options for laparoscopy are considered effective. The difference between them is that not every procedure is performed in a particular clinic. Some of the types of treatment are considered expensive and are carried out only in specialized medical organizations.
Preparation for surgery
Laparoscopy does not require complicated preparation. Nevertheless, compliance with some rules before the operation is necessary. First of all, a few days before laparoscopy, a series of diagnostic tests are performed. These include: KLA, a blood test for HIV infection, syphilis and hepatitis. A urine test is also performed to exclude kidney disease. In addition, important laboratory diagnostic procedures are: a biochemical blood test and a coagulogram. One day before the study, an ECG is performed.
In addition to diagnostic procedures, the intestines should be cleaned on the eve of laparoscopy of the ovaries. For this purpose, laxatives or enemas are used. Given that the operation is performed under general anesthesia, several hours before it, you can not take food and water. It should be borne in mind that the procedure is not performed during menstruation due to the high risk of blood loss.
Stages of laparoscopy for polycystic ovary
Like any operation, laparoscopy for polycystic ovary is performed in stages. First of all, you should know that this procedure is carried out using an optical device, a video camera and special tools. All of these items are very small. The operation includes the following steps:
- Conducting general anesthesia (intravenous anesthesia).
- Perform 3 or 4 incisions on the surface of the anterior abdominal wall. The diameter of each of them does not exceed 1 cm. At the bottom of the abdomen, 2 incisions are made for the introduction of surgical instruments, in the navel, for an optical device and a camera.
- Carbon dioxide injection into the abdominal cavity in order to improve visualization of organs.
- Isolation of the ovaries.
- Removal of cysts. This stage can be carried out in different ways.
- Coagulation of damaged vessels. Before leaving the abdominal cavity, the doctor must make sure that there is no bleeding.
- Removing instruments from the patient’s body.
- Sewing cuts.
The technique for removing cysts depends on which variant of laparoscopy was planned. On average, surgery lasts from 30 to 60 minutes.
Recovery after laparoscopy of the ovaries with polycystic
Given that laparoscopy is a minimally invasive procedure, complications after this operation rarely develop. Nevertheless, it is necessary to allow the woman's body to recover. For this, patients stay in the hospital 7-10 days after surgery. For a given period of time, the pain syndrome (if it took place) is stopped, the intestines work. On the first day, the patient is recommended to stand up, and if possible walk on the ward. This is necessary to avoid the development of adhesions in the pelvis. 6 hours after laparoscopy, a woman is allowed to drink (water, broths). You can eat the next day. Physical activity and sexual intimacy should be postponed for 1 month. Sutures are removed 10 days after surgery.
Laparoscopy of the ovaries and pregnancy
Many women are interested in the question: is laparoscopy with polycystic ovary and pregnancy compatible? Naturally, the answer is yes. Indeed, in most cases, this operation is performed to treat infertility. Therefore, in the presence of polycystic and planning pregnancy, laparoscopy is necessary. However, after surgery, you can not immediately begin to conceive.
Features of laparoscopy in pregnant women with polycystic ovary
In some cases, women can conceive a child, despite polycystic ovary. This occurs if the disease has developed recently or fluid formations are small. In cases where the pathology is detected during pregnancy, surgical treatment is contraindicated. In this case, strict supervision by a gynecologist is necessary.
Pregnancy planning after laparoscopy
How to plan a pregnancy after laparoscopy of the ovaries with polycystosis? If the cause of infertility was precisely this disease, then conception becomes possible due to the operation. However, 3 months after laparoscopy, a woman should take hormonal drugs. After this time, a number of studies are carried out. Then you can begin to conceive a child.
Laparoscopy for polycystic ovary and pregnancy: reviews of doctors
In most cases, doctors recommend minimally invasive surgery, as they reduce the risk of complications and are considered less traumatic. Often there comes a desired pregnancy after laparoscopy of the ovaries with polycystic. Reviews of gynecologists confirm this information. Nevertheless, doctors argue that the first step in treatment should be drug therapy. Surgery is recommended if conservative methods are ineffective.
Laparoscopy for polycystic ovary: patient reviews
Women who underwent surgery were satisfied with the result. They claim that this intervention helped to cope with a pathology such as polycystic ovary. After laparoscopy, the reviews of most patients were positive. Some women were able to have children due to surgery. Also, patients note that menstruation after laparoscopy of the ovaries became regular. In addition to normalizing the cycle, women indicate a change in the nature of the discharge, a decrease in pain before menstruation.