“Politics is like a sphinx from myths, it eats everyone who cannot solve its riddles” - this quote from the French writer A. Rivarol emphasizes the importance of political views and beliefs in choosing the future development path for the whole society and the individual as part of it.
Mechanisms for the formation of ideologies
Political preferences, like every person, are purely individual, but it cannot be said that there are so many people, so many preferences. This is only partially true. Indeed, many groups of people agree in their views on certain issues of the structure of the social system. Of course, differences do exist. Sometimes they are quite significant, sometimes minimal, but with all this we can distinguish the fundamental identity of the points of view. It is on this basis that people are united by one or another ideology. Over its long history, mankind has developed many socio-political concepts, from extreme utopianism to prudent pragmatism. Changes in consciousness in different epochs of historical development brought to life various political projects, and each of them had their own supporters. Political preferences depend on origin, social status, level of education. Of no small importance is age and habit, as well as the traditions that have developed in society.
Social Liberal Ideologies
Modern political ideologies can be divided into left, right and the so-called center. Let's consider them in more detail.
So, the left (socialism, communism) - the main base of these movements are the poorest segments of the population, as well as supporters of absolute social equality. In many ways, communism is similar to the utopian ideas of the Enlightenment.
Center. Among them, we can distinguish the Social Democrats, whose views (that is, political preferences) are moderate. These are peculiar liberals among socialists. It was this ideology that the Swedish government armed itself with and demonstrates the full viability of this trend, in contrast to communism.
Right (liberals, conservatives, national fascists). The liberal doctrine also has many supporters; its carriers are the middle strata of society, successful businessmen and some of the civil servants. Also liberal in views are often teachers and other intelligentsia. This system of values puts individual and individual rights and rights at the forefront. Used by many European countries and demonstrates complete vitality.
Conservative nationalist ideologies
Types of political preferences also include the concept of conservatism and various types of nationalism. The basic principles of the former include stability, traditionalism, order, and natural inequality. Supporters of this ideology are, as a rule, large and wealthy industrialists, the top of church dignitaries, in other cases, some of the generals and officers. The basic idea is collectivism and family values.
The political preferences of nationalists can be divided into two groups:
1. Patriotic, when a country seeks to free itself from foreign dominion, for example, colonial war.
2. National fascism - enjoys the greatest influence during periods of economic and political instability. Racism, violence, complete submission - these are the basic principles of Nazism.
Political preferences can be described in another scale:
- democratic (these include liberals, partly conservatives, partly socialists);
- authoritarian (conservatives, socialists, monarchists);
- totalitarian (communism and fascism).
In conclusion, I would like to note: despite such an extensive classification, absolutely all political views, beliefs and preferences are determined by political psychology, that is, feelings, emotions, moods and other elements of consciousness.