The Russian language is rich in a large number of different parts of speech that help to build a competent and logical text. But it is impossible to imagine our native speech without participles, verb forms that contain both its features and adjectives. Communion is a synthesized part of speech that has a large number of expressive capabilities, can perform different functions in a sentence. It must be studied in the course of the school curriculum.
Signs of adjectives in participles
First of all, it is necessary to define communion as part of speech. Communion is a verb form that combines the attributes of an adjective and a verb and answers which questions? which the? Communion characterizes an action and its attribute at the same time. So briefly we can explain what the sacrament is. Examples of words related to this part of speech are the leader, screaming, knowing, becoming, living, reading, and many others.
Since the sacrament is inseparable from the adjective, they have some common symptoms. So, participles can vary in numbers, genera and cases. It is important to note that both short and full participles possess these attributes. Examples of words that have these features that bring them closer to adjectives: the dreamer - the dreamer (change in gender), the recognized - recognized (singular and plural), composed - composed - composed (change in cases: nominative, genitive and dative, respectively).
Signs of the verb in the participle
Since the participle is a form of the verb, these two parts of speech are closely interconnected and have a set of common features. Among them should be noted the type (perfect - said, imperfect - speaking), reflexivity and irrevocability (laughing, cleaned), pledge (passive - cooked, real - aging). Transition and intransition is another sign that characterizes the sacrament. Examples of words that relate to transitional are cleaning (room), reading (newspaper), and intransitive - worn, inspired.
A special point is the presence of participles in time. It must be remembered that this part of speech has only the past and present tense. Communions have no future tense form.
Valid participles
This group of participles calls the action that the object itself performs. But what is actual participle in practice ? Examples of words of this category are frightening, whispering, living, screaming, flying, etc.
In a sentence, a real participle describes an action that develops simultaneously with the one that calls the predicate (for example: Mother watches the child play).
A special situation with past real participles. The action that describes a particular participle can be judged after determining the type of verb from which it is derived. So, if the real participle is formed using the appropriate suffixes from the perfect verb, then the action happened before another, called the verb. For example, in a classroom there is a student who has decided to do a test. The sacrament is formed from the verb "decide" (what to do?) - a perfect form. In the classroom there is a student deciding the test. In this case, the sentence uses an inferior participle.
Passion Communion
Another variation of this part of speech is made up of passive participles. Examples of words that belong to this category can be the following: created, acquired, dressed, built-in, slave, etc.
This kind of participles describes an action that is performed on an object. In turn, the process that calls communion can occur both at the same time as the predicate speaks of and can end earlier, nevertheless, have a connection with the present moment.
Very often in speech and in literature one can find a passive participle with a dependent word. Examples of such phrases: a piece written by a composer, a music track listened to by a music lover, etc.
Communication with other parts of speech
Communion can be transformed into other parts of speech under the influence of various processes that contribute to the development of the Russian language. So, the sacrament can be substantiated into a noun (it is necessary to pay attention to such words as the commander, the future, which answer the questions of who? And what? ).
Another important concept is the subjective communion. Examples of words that have been exposed to this process are fried, mature, innermost, natural, etc. A logical question arises: how to distinguish the participle from the adjective in each case? One of the main signs that will help to separate these parts of speech is to find the participle with the dependent word. Examples of such words: fried potatoes, an outrageous act, etc.
Analysis of participles in the topic "Morphology"
In the course of studying each part of speech, both in the school curriculum and in the curriculum of any philological faculty, there are tasks for analyzing a particular word in a sentence. To do this, you need to determine the part of speech to which the given lexical unit belongs, and correctly perform the analysis. So, let’s try to make out the sacrament. How to determine that a word is representative of this particular part of speech? You just need to know the typical suffixes of participles. Examples of words containing the suffixes -ush-, -yush (participating, thirsty), -ash-, -yash- (hurrying, sleeping), -vsh- (become), -t- (deceived), -nen, -nn - (built-in, recognized), -om-, -em- (adored, slave), - all these are participles, real and passive, past or present.
So, the analysis of the participle consists of substituting a question (most often, what?), Identifying it as a participle, indicating the initial form of the masculine gender, singular in the nominative case, determining the verb and suffix with which it is derived from it. It is also necessary to indicate the type, availability of recurrence and transition, pledge, time, form (short or complete), gender, number, case and declension, syntactic role in this particular sentence.