The facade of any building should fulfill two main functions. The first is to protect the external walls from aggressive environmental influences. The second is expressed in the decoration of the building, because it is the facade that determines the architectural style of the structure. But before starting the decoration it is necessary to understand what types of facades exist, what features and characteristics they possess.
Main varieties
Facades can be dry and wet. In the first case, the systems are equipped without the use of building and adhesive solutions. Elements are fixed with mechanical fasteners, such as nails, dowels, screws, etc. For example, a siding facade and other materials of this type are called dry.
Considering the types of facades, it is worth paying attention also to those that are equipped with wet technology, building mixtures are used for this. This variety includes plaster facades and systems that are finished, for example, with clinker tiles, because for it there is a need to use an adhesive mixture. Each single-family home owner compares these systems before starting work. Dry facades have a clear advantage, because they can be equipped year-round without taking into account weather conditions. But wet systems can ensure the integrity of the external walls.
Description of ventilated and non-ventilated facades
An additional classification of facades are ventilated and non-ventilated systems. The first variety involves the organization of a gap between the wall and the finishing material. The wall of the house can be additionally insulated, as well as covered with a windproof film.
Air will freely circulate in the air gap, eliminating dampness and moisture that may occur due to condensation on the inside of the decorative material. In addition, moisture can come from the inside in the form of steam. At the same time, the materials receive reliable protection, and the overlap of the building lasts longer, while the insulation is protected from atmospheric phenomena like rain, snow and wind.
When considering the types of facades, pay attention to non-ventilated systems that are equipped when there is no need for external thermal insulation. If the walls do not breathe, then the installation of a ventilated facade can be abandoned. For example, clinker tiles can be fixed directly to the walls themselves.
Specialist advice
If you want to improve the exterior walls of a wooden house, you should prefer a ventilated facade, because the wood breathes and will release moisture. If you do not equip the gap, then the structure will begin to rot.
For reference
Types of facades, which are called ventilated, involve the use of not only dry, but also wet installation methods. If you want to tiled a wooden house with tiles, then you can act on a certain algorithm. A lath is installed on the ceiling, which will provide a ventilation gap. If necessary, heat insulation and windproof film can be placed in this space. At the next stage, the OSB is installed on the crate, then you can begin to lay the tiles.
Varieties of materials for facade decoration
If you want to choose the best facade for the house, then you need to consider not only the design features of the future system, but also the materials. For starters, you should pay attention to traditional and popular materials. These include clinker bricks and artificial stone. The latter option is used quite actively for cladding external walls, because it has low weight and moisture and wear resistance qualities.
The cost of such material is relatively small, among other things, it is durable. In appearance, the facade will be almost no different from what consists of natural stone. Clinker brick also worked well in the decoration of facades, its small permeability and smooth texture make the walls less easily soiled. The facade turns out to be durable and performs well in all climatic conditions.
Using facade plaster
Considering the types of facades of houses, you can familiarize yourself in more detail with those that are equipped with plaster. After application, it can be painted in any color, the material has a negligible cost and can be combined with different types of finishes. The most popular in this case are acrylic, as well as silicone plasters. The first option is the cheapest, it has excellent moisture-insulating qualities and are used in thermal insulation of facades with polystyrene foam. There is also a minus, which is expressed in low elasticity, which can cause microcracks and damage during temperature changes.
If you still cannot decide which types of house facades are most suitable for you, then you should pay attention to silicone plaster, which is more expensive, but devoid of other disadvantages. The material is waterproof, perfectly undergoes the negative effects of external factors, lasts a long time and does not lose its original appearance.
Alternative finishes
If none of the above options is suitable for you, then you can choose panels or facade tiles. Tiles differ from natural or artificial stone finishes only in thickness and laying technology. Fixing to the base is done by glue. If the panels are used, then they can be used to equip a ventilated facade that insulates walls.
Considering the types of building facades, you may prefer to finish with a block house or lining. The naturalness of these materials is provided by a noble and lively and kind. External wall defects can be hidden, because they are often possessed by brick and wooden facades. If you properly care for such a finish, then it will last more than 25 years.
Facing involves the need to equip a ventilated system. If you want to reliably protect the facade from bad weather, then you can use siding that looks attractive and lasts long enough. Thermal panels are also suitable, which act as a new finishing material that combines aesthetic appeal and reliability. The material also has an insulating inner layer.
Installation of ventilated porcelain stoneware facade : preparation
Above were presented types of facades. If you decided to choose a hinged system, then as decorative material for it it is possible to prefer porcelain tile. At the first stage of installation work, marking is carried out. The wizard should determine the bottom line, which is drawn horizontally.
Next, two extreme lines are determined, which will be drawn vertically. In the walls using a punch, you will need to drill holes for mounting brackets. A paronite gasket is installed in the holes, and then you can proceed to the installation of the brackets, for which a screwdriver and anchor dowels are used.
Methodology
At the next stage, we can proceed to the installation of a wind-protective and insulation layer. Through the slots for the brackets, it is necessary to strengthen the heat-insulating plate. Then the canvases and wind protection are hung, everything is temporarily fixed. Through the film and insulation plates, you need to drill holes in the wall where the plate-shaped dowels are inserted. From the bottom row, you need to install insulation plates. Plates must be staggered horizontally. There should be no through slots between them.
At the next stage, vertical guide profiles are fixed to the control brackets. A profile is installed in the grooves of the bearing and support brackets. Different types of facade material are presented for sale today, however, porcelain tiles are most often used for ventilated systems. For its fastening, use clamps, which are located in the holes made by an electric drill. The clamps are installed in accordance with the project and are fixed with rivets to the frame profile through drilled holes.
Porcelain tiles can be installed with a visible seam. This method is the simplest. However, you can mask the seams by painting them in the same color that the tile itself has. If you will install decorative material without a visible seam, then the granite should be fixed to the guides using a horizontal cut.
Plaster selection
Views of modern facades are equipped using different materials. If you decide to apply plaster, then one of those presented by the modern market is suitable for this. For example, a granular mixture is called pebble, but to obtain a textured effect with a groove structure, you should select "bark beetle". Preferring stucco in the form of mosaics, you choose a facade that will have transparent pieces of resin, looking like colorful pebbles.
Stucco facade decoration: preparation of tools and materials
Different types of works on the facade require certain external conditions. For example, plastering can take place in sunny, dry weather. However, it is important to prepare also tools and materials, among them:
- primer;
- set of beacons;
- reinforcing mesh;
- set of spatulas.
A primer will be needed for the protective treatment of the facade, and beacons will be required to control the laid layers. In order to exclude the appearance of cracks, you need to stock up with a reinforcing mesh. But in addition to a set of spatulas, you will need a special rule, knives and graters.
Plastering
Not all types of decoration of the facade of the house will be effective for the ordinary home master. Therefore, before starting work, you must evaluate your capabilities. Before applying plaster, the facade should be cleaned of old materials. Walls are free of dirt and dust. If there are defects or cracks, they should be repaired. At the next stage, the wall is primed, and then the grid strengthens it. After this, you need to prepare a solution, the volume of which must correspond to that which you can develop in a certain time.
The solution is applied by spraying or pumping liquid under pressure. The first layer will be cosmetic, it eliminates bumps and cracks. After it dries, you can start applying the second layer, after cleaning the beacons from the mixture that has fallen on them. This layer should be equipped with a thicker mass.
Overlapping lighthouses should not, because they will begin to slide under their own weight. These types of facade cladding are usually trusted by specialists, because they are familiar with all the nuances of technology. At the final stage, you need to grind the surface using the rule, but this must be done after the evaporation of moisture from the plaster. Paint can be applied to the dried mixture, which will make the facade more attractive.