Specially developed nutrition, or diet, is the main component of the cure for many diseases. This is especially important for diseases of the liver and biliary organs. Table number 5 has been developed for such patients. It is this nutrition that ensures full delivery of all important substances to the liver in a sparing mode.
Historical description
Almost a century ago, therapist Pevzner noticed that proper nutrition can alleviate the suffering of patients with many diseases. In 1920, he introduced the world to an amazing development of 15 treatment tables. A lot of time has passed, but today such diets are prescribed to patients. They allow you to achieve favorable results.
Indications for appointment
Table number 5 according to Pevzner is recommended for patients with a variety of liver ailments. This diet is prescribed for diseases such as:
- acute hepatitis, chronic (without exacerbation);
- cholecystitis (with recovery);
- cirrhosis of the liver (in the absence of insufficiency);
- chronic cholecystitis (without exacerbation);
- gallstone disease (if there is no acute stage).
It should be remembered that table number 5 is allowed only to those patients who do not suffer from the gastrointestinal tract from various diseases.
Diet purpose
With the above ailments, there is a need to provide sparing nutrition for the liver. At the same time, like any person, the patient needs the full intake of all useful substances into the body. Such a goal is laid in the developed table number 5. The diet ensures the normal functioning of the liver, as well as the biliary tract.
The characteristic of medical nutrition
Diet table number 5 is characterized by a balanced content of carbohydrates and proteins. The use of fats (especially animals) is minimized. Nutrition implies the exclusion of foods containing purines, cholesterol, oxalic acid, essential oils. It is recommended to refuse fried. Avoid products with a high percentage of nitrogenous extracts.
The medical nutrition includes baked, boiled and stewed dishes. Only vegetables rich in fiber or sinewy meat are subject to grinding. Passerovka with this diet must be excluded. The use of very cold dishes is contraindicated.
The diet provides for taking food 5-6 times a day.
Nutritional composition
Diet Content:
- 80 g of protein is recommended (of which 55% are animals);
- fats are 80 g (30% is allocated to vegetable);
- 350-400 g of carbohydrates are used (sugar is permissible 70-80 g).
Table number 5 does not prohibit the use of table salt. However, its daily amount should not exceed 10 g. Drinking fluid varies from 1.5 liters to 2 liters. Permissible inclusion of xylitol, sorbitol. But no more than 25-40 g.
The daily diet for calories is 2800-2900 kcal.
Recommended Diet Foods
Like any diet, table number 5 is based on the need to eat certain foods. Clinical nutrition contains:
- Flour products. Wheat (1, 2 grade), rye bread exclusively yesterday's baking. Non-edible products with boiled fish, meat, apples, cottage cheese are allowed. Dry biscuits, lingering cookies are included in the diet.
- Soups Vegetable, cereal, fruit, dairy with pasta. Beetroot soup, cabbage soup and vegetarian borscht. Dressing with vegetables and flour is only dried, not fried.
- Poultry, meat. Non-greasy, without tendons and fascia. Bird without skin. Beef, rabbit, meat pork, low-fat mutton, turkey, chicken. Dairy sausages, pilaf with meat (boiled), cabbage rolls.
- Fish. Only non-greasy varieties are acceptable. In baked or boiled form.
- Dairy products. Kefir, yogurt, acidophilus, milk. Sour cream as a seasoning. Bold curd. Mild cheese.
- The eggs. Protein baked omelettes. One yolk per day. A soft-boiled egg is acceptable.
- Cereals. Any. Oatmeal and buckwheat are especially useful. Boiled pasta.
- Vegetables. Varied. Both raw and boiled, stewed. Sauerkraut is not sour cabbage.
- Sweets. A variety of berries (exclude sour), fruits in raw form. And also baked, boiled. Jelly, stewed fruit, mousse, jelly, sambuca. Dried fruits. Marmalade, jam, honey, candy, non-chocolate sweets.
- Beverages. Juices. Coffee with milk. Rosehip broth. Tea.
Food subject to exclusion
It is necessary to refuse nutrition that can harm the body. From the diet are excluded:
- Flour products. Refuse fresh bread. Fried cakes are prohibited. Baking, puff pastry.
- Broths. Fish, meat, mushroom soups are contraindicated. Green cabbage soup, okroshka.
- Poultry and meat. Fatty grades. Excluded goose, duck. Kidneys, liver, brain. Canned food, sausages, smoked meats.
- Fish. Fatty species. Canned food. Smoked, salted fish should not be eaten.
- Dairy products. Fat milk (6%), cream. Spicy cheese. Fat cottage cheese, sour cream.
- The eggs. Fried and hard-boiled are forbidden.
- Cereals. Legumes.
- Vegetables. Sorrel, radish, spinach, green onions, radishes, mushrooms, garlic. Pickled vegetables are excluded.
- Sweets. Ice cream, products containing cream, chocolate.
- Beverages. Cocoa. Black coffee is contraindicated. Cold drinks excluded.
Menu Examples
From the above it can be seen that table number 5 is quite diverse. An example menu may look like this:
Day 1
- First breakfast. Make a protein omelet. You can supplement with milk rice porridge. A little butter and tea with a slice of lemon.
- Lunch. Eat a cottage cheese casserole with sour cream.
- Dinner. Cabbage soup (necessarily vegetarian), boiled meat with stewed carrots. Compote (cooked from dried fruits).
- An afternoon snack. Tea (lemon), cookies.
- Dinner. Cook the pasta. A slice of cheese and butter. Mineral water.
- Before bedtime. A glass of kefir.
Day 2
- First breakfast. Apple and carrot salad. Milk sauce with cutlets (steamed). Milk coffee.
- Lunch. One fresh apple.
- Dinner. It will give strength mashed potato soup. Boil the fish and stew the cabbage. Kissel fruit or berry.
- An afternoon snack. Rosehip broth with cookies.
- Dinner. Pamper yourself with buckwheat groats. Wash down with mineral water.
- Before bedtime. A glass of kefir.
Day 3
- First breakfast. Useful cottage cheese (sweet) with the addition of sour cream. Oatmeal milk porridge.
- Lunch. Bake the apple.
- Dinner. Vegetable soup is recommended. Rice and boiled chicken. It is combined with milk sauce. Fruit compote.
- An afternoon snack. Juice.
- Dinner. Make mashed potatoes. White sauce. Boiled fish. Rosehip compote.
- Before bedtime. Kefir.
Day 4
- First breakfast. They will give strength pasta with the addition of meat. Milk tea. Butter.
- Lunch. Indulge yourself with lazy dumplings with sour cream.
- Dinner. Potato soup from Hercules will be useful. Stuffed cabbage. You can drink it with jelly.
- An afternoon snack. Fresh apples and plums.
- Dinner. Cook the milk porridge (rice). Cheese. Butter. Drink some tea.
- Before bedtime. Kefir.
Day 5
- First breakfast. Buckwheat porridge is recommended. Cottage cheese. Butter. Milk coffee.
- Lunch. Bake the apple in the oven.
- Dinner. Cook the veggie borsch. Meat noodles with sour cream. Drink berry jelly.
- An afternoon snack. Have some tea. Complete with cookies.
- Dinner. Mashed potatoes will be helpful. Vegetable salad. Boiled fish.
- Before bedtime. A glass of kefir.
Day 6
- First breakfast. Cook the buckwheat porridge. Meat cutlets (steam). Drink lemon tea.
- Lunch. Make carrot puree. Pamper yourself with apple jam.
- Dinner. Milk soup (preferably with pasta). Curd pudding with sour cream. Drink compote.
- An afternoon snack. Kissel fruit.
- Dinner. The semolina porridge with the addition of prunes will give strength. Mineral water.
- Before bedtime. Kefir.
Day 7
- First breakfast. Boiled potatoes. Herring. Finish your meal with lemon tea.
- Lunch. Baked apple in the oven.
- Dinner. Cabbage soup. Vermicelli with milk sauce. Cutlets (steam). A glass of compote.
- An afternoon snack. Rosehip broth with cookies.
- Dinner. Cook the cheesecakes. Sour cream. Omelet (protein). Mineral water.
- Before bedtime. Drink a glass of kefir.
It should be understood that this is only an approximate diet. Table number 5, menus, recommendations for eating, options for heat treatment of products can only be prescribed by a doctor.
Diet for children
During acute hepatitis, a child is usually prescribed a table number 5. For children with this disease, diet 5a is more suitable. It allows you to provide good nutrition with pronounced inflammation in the liver and biliary tract.
Such a diet should be followed during the entire acute stage of the disease. On average, such a period lasts about a month and a half. In the future, the diet expands significantly. Over time, the child will be able to return to regular food.
If necessary, observe such nutrition from the diet excludes raw fruits, vegetables (non-mashed). Meat food is prepared in minced form. The rest of the diet resembles table number 5. The menu after making adjustments by a nutritionist may be similar to the one presented above. Be sure to consult a doctor.
Recommended Recipes
Table number 5 is characterized not only by the selection of certain products. The cooking method is important. Attention should be paid to the temperature of the served dish. Such nuances depend on the specific ailment. Therefore, it is best to discuss with the doctor the recommended table number 5. A diet selected by an experienced specialist will fully comply with the individual characteristics of the body.
Potato soup
Components:
- rice - about 100 g;
- potatoes - 2 pcs.;
- small onion;
- broccoli - approximately 50 g;
- carrot - 1 pc.;
- salt.
Cooking:
- Sliced potatoes are placed in a pot filled with 2 liters of cold water.
- There is added rice, chopped onions. Everything is set on fire.
- Finely grated carrots and broccoli inflorescences are put in the cooking process.
- Soup is cooked over low heat. Preparedness is determined by vegetables and rice. Before turning off, you need to salt the soup.
- Before serving, add greens, vegetable oil to the plate (1 teaspoon is enough).
Carrot cheesecakes
Ingredients:
- carrot - 50 g;
- cottage cheese (fat content of 9%) - 150 g;
- semolina - 5 g;
- butter - about 20 g;
- 1 egg
- wheat flour - 30 g;
- sugar (about 20 g), salt (pinch).
Cooking:
- Carrots are thoroughly chopped. Butter is added to the water. In such a mixture, prepared carrots are allowed for 20 minutes. After this, semolina is added and cooking is continued. Be sure to stir.
- The mass should be cooled. Then cottage cheese, sugar, salt, an egg and most of the flour are added to the composition.
- Cheesecakes are formed from the mixed mixture. They should be breaded in the remainder of the flour. Cheesecakes are fried in butter.
- They are brought to full readiness in the oven.
Caucasian meatballs
Components:
- beef (pulp) - 150 g;
- prunes (or apricots) - about 10 g;
- milk - about 2 tbsp. spoons;
- sour cream - enough 20 g;
- butter - 1 tsp;
- 1 egg, salt.
Cooking:
- The meat is freed from fat and tendons. It is recommended to skip through a meat grinder twice.
- Prunes (apricots) are allowed in the water. Having removed the seeds from it, it should be cut into thin strips in the form of noodles.
- Into minced meat, milk, egg, butter, cooked strips of prunes are introduced. The mass is salted and thoroughly mixed.
- The resulting mixture should be divided into small balls. Bake until cooked in the oven. Top with sour cream and warm thoroughly.
Fruit salad
Ingredients:
- strawberries, mandarin, banana, kiwi - 30 g each;
- apples - 50 g;
- sour cream - about 20 g.
Cooking:
- Washed fruit must be peeled.
- Bananas and tangerines are cut into pieces. And apples and kiwi - straws.
- Cooked fruits are decorated with strawberries at their discretion and seasoned with sour cream. The fruit salad is ready.
Useful Tips
Such a diet (table number 5), the recipes of which were given above, is prescribed by a doctor along with medication and therapeutic treatment. With prolonged adherence to nutritional recommendations, it is possible to get rid of exacerbation, to reach the stage of stable remission.
In addition, dietary patients reported surprising effects on the body. Most of them got rid of extra pounds. At the same time, patients noticed an energy boost along with a significant improvement in well-being.
Patients who are diagnosed with ailments of the liver, biliary tract, it is necessary to heed the recommendations on nutrition. Persons who have stopped dieting should avoid the abuse of illegal foods. You should not get carried away with strong alcohol or you must minimize its intake.
Ignoring the diet can lead to a severe load on the liver and the organs responsible for the production of bile. This will provoke an exacerbation of the disease. And the treatment process will need to start over.