Modern manufacturers of machines, devices and other electrical products are required to adhere to a sufficiently large number of various regulatory documents. Consequently, the products offered will comply with both the requirements of the buyer and the requirements of the bodies exercising quality control. One of these conditions is the climatic performance.
Terminology
Familiarization with each question should begin with a study of the definitions used. Therefore, to begin with, we will try to give the most understandable wording. So, climatic modification is a system of categories, which includes the conditions of normal operation, transportation and storage of technical products regarding macroclimatic zoning of the globe. In other words, this term defines in what conditions it is possible to operate a particular electrical installation. In turn, linking to areas allows you to take into account various climatic environmental factors.
Normative documents
Such a system is certified by applicable law and is in accordance with GOST 15150 "Climatic modification". This standard applies to all types and varieties of devices, machines and other technical products. All requirements of the above document are mandatory. Exceptions are only conditions marked "recommended" or "acceptable." Like any other, GOST "Climatic modification" lists the areas of application of the considered regulatory documentation. Let's consider some of them.
1. This standard is used both in the design and in the manufacture of technical products. In addition, its observance is mandatory in the preparation of tasks for the development and subsequent modernization, the creation of standards.
2. The climatic performance of each product, as well as other technical parameters, must be maintained within the established values.
3. Products manufactured by manufacturers are intended for storage, operation and transportation in the ranges of values of the considered factors. In exceptional cases, the technical conditions may include a list of deviations allowed during operation.
4. In accordance with technical and economic feasibility, it is recommended to produce technical products suitable for operation in several macrodistricts.
Type of climatic modification
To date, there are several categories that are based on the division of territories with similar environmental conditions. As a rule, the designation of a group is carried out using appropriate lettering. Consider the description of each category in more detail.
Marking U
In the Latin version is indicated by the letter "N". A similar climatic modification is used for territories characterized by moderate environmental conditions. In addition, it should be remembered that technical products marked in this way can be used in a warm, humid, hot, dry, and also very hot, dry macroclimatic region, in which the average annual absolute maximum of air temperatures is above 40 degrees Celsius, and the humidity value is equal to 80 percent or more. Moreover, such characteristics should be observed for more than 12 hours every day for a two-month continuous period. In turn, a temperate climate has the following atmospheric air characteristics: the annual absolute temperature maximum does not exceed forty degrees Celsius. From the foregoing, we can conclude that the climatic modification of U has the following temperature range: from -45 0 to +40 0 .
CL marking
In the Latin version is indicated by the letter "F". A similar group is characterized by cold climates. The average annual absolute minimum temperature is -45 degrees Celsius. Electrical equipment with a similar type of marking is designed for operation in the following limits: -60 0 - +40 0 .
UHL marking
In the Latin version is indicated by the letters "NF". GOST "Climatic modification" in this category includes areas with moderate and cold environmental conditions. The temperature range for normal operation of products with similar markings has the same limits as in the previous group. In addition, products manufactured with this category can be used in the same cases as products of group U. For example, in a hot and very hot dry climate, subject to the above conditions.
TV marking
In the Latin version, the letter designation is "TH". Such a climatic modification is characterized by the operation of technical products in humid tropical environmental conditions. Atmospheric air has the following parameters: temperature more than 20 degrees Celsius, humidity more than 80 percent. A special condition is the preservation of the above requirements for more than 12 hours every day for two months continuously. The limits of working temperatures of normal operation are +1 - +40 0 .
Vehicle marking
In the Latin version is indicated by the letters "TA". Despite the similarity in name with the previous category, this group has many differences. The average annual absolute maximum temperature is +40 degrees Celsius. The range of such values when used ranges from -10 to +50 0 C.
Marking T
In the Latin version is indicated by the letter "T". Technical products marked with such markings are capable of normal operation in a tropical climate.
Marking About
In the Latin version is indicated by the letter "U" and represents a general climatic performance. Products characterized in this way can be used in all macroclimatic regions of the land, except in very cold environmental conditions. Temperature limits range from -60 0 to +50 0 .
Marking M
In the Latin version is also indicated by the letter "M". This category includes electrical products that are designed for normal operation in macroclimatic areas in a moderately cold marine environment.
Marking TM
In the Latin version, it is denoted by the letters "MT" and includes territories characterized by tropical marine conditions of atmospheric air. This category includes technical products intended for use on coastal vessels or any other used only in the redistribution of these areas.
OM marking
In the Latin version, the letter designation is "MU". The presented group combines machines, devices and other products, the normal operation of which will be carried out in areas with both tropical and temperate-cold climates. Thus, various vessels with unlimited navigation areas can be attributed to this category.
Marking B
In the Latin version is indicated by the letter "W". This group is quite specific because it includes electrical products intended for widespread use, both on land and on water. Such a performance is called all-climatic. A feature is the inability to use only in areas characterized by very cold environmental conditions. The temperature limits of normal operation range from -60 to +50 degrees Celsius.
Placements
Currently, electrical products are marked in a special way (the climatic version and category of placement are indicated). In this regard, the marking is a combination of alphabetic and numerical designations. This allows customers to immediately see if this device is suitable for them or not.
Category 1
Technical products marked in this way are intended for use in open air conditions. Therefore, they are exposed to the totality of atmospheric factors. For example, climatic modification U1.
Category 2
It assumes normal operation of the equipment under a canopy or in rooms subject to fluctuations in atmospheric air parameters almost to the same extent as open space. For example, it can be tents, trailers, bodies.
Category 3
This group includes technical products that must only be used indoors. Moreover, the latter should have the following features: natural ventilation, lack of artificial regulators of environmental conditions; exposure to dust and sand is much less than outdoors. Climatic modification U3 can be used in rooms with thermal insulation made of metal, wood, concrete and other materials. Such objects can be classified as irregularly heated. Thus, the climatic modification of U3 implies the absence of precipitation, direct sunlight, a significant reduction in the effects of wind and moisture.
Category 4
Equipment belonging to this group can be used in rooms characterized by artificial regulation of environmental parameters, well-ventilated underground buildings. This implies the absence of direct sunlight, wind, moisture, sand.
Category 5
Such technical products can be used in rooms with high humidity values. For example, in underground premises, in soil, as well as on ships.