Life on our home planet is represented by an extremely wide range of a wide variety of creatures. The characteristics inherent to them are determined by a number of factors - the degree of evolutionary development, environmental conditions, and so on. Three fundamental properties characteristic of any organic matter are metabolism and energy with the whole environment (this is the main sign of all living things), irritability (that is, the ability to respond to external influences) and reproduction (reproduction of one’s own species). The levels of life organization, the biology of which is very rich on Earth, is the
hierarchical structure of organized biosystems. The hierarchy in this sphere, as a rule, is built on the principle of complicating the structure of organisms. Most often, biologists distinguish seven stages in the development of life: molecular genetic, followed by the cellular level, tissue level, organ, ontogenetic (in other words, organismic), population-species, ecosystem and global. Let's consider them in more detail.
The levels of organization of life on Earth
Molecular genetic. This level is represented by the smallest particles of organic matter, a variety of macromolecules: nucleic acids, carbohydrates, proteins and other organic substances. Here extremely important biological processes arise, such as coding and transmission of hereditary information, metabolism, assimilation, energy conversion, and so on.
The cellular level of organization of life. A cell is a structural and functional unit of all organisms on the planet. Therefore, the processes that take place here form the basis for the development of all living things.
Fabric level. It is a collection of cells that are similar in origin, structure and function. This also includes the intercellular substance.
Organ level of organization of life. Any organ is a certain isolated part of the body that has a certain shape, location, structure, and also performs a specific function.
Organismal level (or ontogenetic). The body is a holistic single-celled or multicellular living system, capable of independent functioning, maintaining homeostatic processes. An organism is an ordered collection of many cells, tissues, organs.
The population (or species) level of organization of life. A species is a collection of individuals that are similar in structure and have a common origin. Such individuals freely interbreed, producing prolific and viable offspring. At the population (species) level, the process of speciation occurs, stimulated by evolutionary processes.
Ecosystem (or biogeocenotic). Biogeocenosis is a historical set of organisms of various species that interact with a variety of natural factors in a single area.
Global (biosphere) level of organization of life. The biosphere is a system of the highest rank, covering all the phenomena and processes of life in the hydrosphere, lithosphere and atmosphere, as well as uniting all ecosystems into a single complex. At the biosphere level, all living organisms of the planet are connected.